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members of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily, marking the beginning of an important 35-year (and counting) campaign to understand how this key vitamin derived from plants would play such an important role in so many aspects of our molecular

Introduction Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) constitute the largest family of plasma membrane receptors. Most of their intracellular effects are mediated via direct coupling to heterotrimeric G-proteins. To understand the molecular details of

Introduction The retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are the earliest and most intensely studied nuclear receptors (NRs) for their three-dimensional (3D) structures. Both receptor groups bind to retinoic acids (RAs

of genes is dependent on the action of transcription factors that transduce extra and intracellular signals into specific biological programs. Indeed, a purified fraction containing a receptor for the hormone cortisol (glucocorticoid receptor, GR) was

Introduction The anterior pituitary gland is subjected to the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of multiple regulators. Somatostatin (SRIF) and its cognate receptors (sst1–sst5) exhibit a dominant inhibitory role in pituitary gland regulation

progesterone can bind to their nuclear receptors namely androgen receptors (ARs), estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors, respectively, and these receptors function as transcription factors to regulate gene expression ( Yang & Shah 2014

promyelocytic leukemia ( PML ) and retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARA ) genes and the expression of a functional PML/RARA protein. The presence of t(15;17) can be confirmed in two ways: by detection of a fused PML/RARA genomic DNA sequence using fluorescence

responsiveness to leptin may vary according to the metabolic conditions ( Widdowson et al . 1997 ) and leptin resistance is relevant to leptin receptors ( Lrb ) or their downstream signaling pathway ( Martin et al . 2000 ). Our previous studies showed that the

Introduction The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest known groups of proteins, comprising up to 80% of the total number of receptors identified in cells ( Bockaert 1991 , Bockaert et al. 2002 ). There are

Introduction The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily forms the largest family of transcription factors in metazoan organisms, in which they regulate reproduction, development, metabolism and the immune response ( Bookout et al . 2006 , Evans