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Introduction Progesterone is a small lipophilic hormone that plays a fundamental role in normal female biology and medicine. In premenopausal women, progesterone is primarily synthesized in a cyclical manner in the ovaries, with additional
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Introduction There is evidence that progesterone (P4) plays a significant role in the vascular system, which may include the synthesis of endothelial mediators important for vascular homeostasis ( Qiao et al. 2008 ). The endothelium, a
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Introduction The human placenta releases multiple factors and steroid hormones into the maternal circulation to modify systemic hemodynamics and promote transfer of energy substrates to the fetus ( Fisher et al. 2019 ). Progesterone, one of
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progesterone-containing contraceptive use and risk of HIV-1 acquisition. A prospective study from seven African countries followed 2269 chronically HIV-1-infected women and showed no increased risk of HIV-1 disease progression for women on contraceptives
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Introduction Progesterone plays an important role in physiological processes in reproductive organs ( Morel et al. 2016 ). However, it is already known that it also acts on non-reproductive organs, such as the nervous system ( Rossetti et
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progesterone on vascular endothelial cell functions. However, the relatively few studies on progesterone effects on HUVEC migration have generated contradictory findings. Progesterone was found to activate FAK and enhance HUVEC migration in one study ( Zheng
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corpus luteum hormone, progesterone – in his words ‘ My friends gave me double congratulations and I was sitting on top of the world ’ ( Allen 2005 ). Only a few years previously, during his medical training (and as part of his two-year research
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Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division
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Introduction Progesterone and progesterone receptors (PRs) are increasingly gaining attention for their emerging role as critical regulators of breast and gynecological cancers. With this newfound spotlight on PR action, there is an urgent need to
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, including endometrial and cervical carcinoma, endometriosis, and leiomyoma, may arise post-puberty to further contribute to infertility. The steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone, working through their cognate nuclear receptors (estrogen receptor 1 (ESR
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, galactopoiesis and involution. Ovarian steroids 17β-oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are significantly involved in coordination of the course of the lactation cycle. E2 and P4 mediate proliferative signals in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and their
