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Introduction The pituitary is a small endocrine gland encased in a depression of the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica, at the base of the skull, just under a part of the brain called the hypothalamus to which it is physically linked by the

Introduction Pituitary tumor-transforming gene, originally isolated from rat pituitary tumour cells ( Pei & Melmed 1997 ), has subsequently been identified as a human securin ( Zhang et al. 1999 b ). PTTG has numerous cellular

Fig. 1 . cAMP is produced from ATP by adenylyl cyclase, a large family of proteins including ten isoforms encoded by ten different genes and classified in five families (reviewed by Sunahara & Taussig (2002) ). Mouse pituitaries express mRNA for

evidence indicates that aberrant epigenetic modifications play an important role in pituitary tumourigenesis ( Shariq & Lines 2019 ), and previously we have demonstrated that the bromo and extra terminal domain (BET) protein inhibitor, JQ1+, reduces

tissues involved in steroidogenesis (adrenal cortex, testis, and ovary) and reproductive function (pituitary gonadotropes and hypothalamic ventro-medial nucleus; Ikeda et al . 1994 ), plus the spleen ( Morohashi et al . 1999 ). This pattern is

. 1997 , Joyeux et al . 1997 ). However soon, duality in RIP140 function in switching from a corepressor to a coactivator was revealed on the rat prolactin promoter. This was driven by changes in the interaction dynamics of pituitary

. In this pathway, RET (gain-of-function) and NF1 and VHL (loss-of-function) mutations lead to increased JunB transcription factor, which, in turn, blunts the expression of EglN3, thereby leading to inappropriate cell survival and tumourigenesis

) Pituitary adenoma 3% Glucagonomas 1% GFRomas or  VIPomas von Hippel– Lindau disease VHL  (3p25–26) Oncosuppressor One or two between: 5–17% 80–100% NF <10% Overexpression  of HIF and  VEGF a) Retinal or cerebellar  hemangioblastomas b) Renal cell carcinoma

.06.007 ). Hawsawi Y El-Gendy R Twelves C Speirs V Beattie J 2013 Insulin-like growth factor – oestradiol crosstalk and mammary gland tumourigenesis . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1836 345 – 353 . ( doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.005 ). Hugo ER

tumourigenesis, clusters 1 and 2 ( Viskochil et al . 1990 , Latif et al . 1993 , Mulligan et al . 1993 , Baysal et al . 2000 , Niemann & Muller 2000 , Astuti et al . 2003 , Eisenhofer et al . 2004 , Dahia et al . 2005 a , b , Powers et al . 2007