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Gilberto Paz-Filho Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Claudio Alberto Mastronardi Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Brian J Parker Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Ainy Khan Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Antonio Inserra Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Klaus I Matthaei Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Monika Ehrhart-Bornstein Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Stefan Bornstein Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Ma-Li Wong Departments of Translational Medicine, Genome Biology, Molecular Bioscience, Medical Clinic III, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Building 131, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia

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Julio Licinio
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-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of chronic liver dysfunction in developed countries. While NAFLD could be considered a component of the metabolic syndrome, the liver involvement includes a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis (NAFLD

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Dorka Nagy Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Hannah Maude Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Graeme M Birdsey National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Anna M Randi National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Inês Cebola Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK

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novel genetic mechanisms of liver disease. Inês also holds an honorary clinical scientist appointment with London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, leading a cross-disciplinary initiative that brings together academic researchers and clinical

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Francesco Paolo Zummo University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Alexandre Berthier University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Céline Gheeraert University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Manjula Vinod University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Marie Bobowski-Gérard University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Olivier Molendi-Coste University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, Lille, France

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Laurent Pineau University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Matthieu Jung University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258 - GenomEast Platform - IGBMC - Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France

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Loic Guille University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Julie Dubois-Chevalier University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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David Dombrowicz University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Bart Staels University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Jérôme Eeckhoute University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Philippe Lefebvre University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France

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Introduction The liver is central to metabolism by coping with qualitatively and quantitatively fluctuating dietary intakes and it stores, packages, and reroutes metabolic intermediates to other tissues. The liver also exerts other crucial

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Carolina S Martinez Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Verónica G Piazza Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María E Díaz Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Ravneet K Boparai Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Oge Arum Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María C Ramírez Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Lorena González Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Damasia Becú-Villalobos Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Andrzej Bartke Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Daniel Turyn Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Johanna G Miquet Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Ana I Sotelo Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Department of Geriatrics (A.B.), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA‐CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Introduction Growth hormone (GH) is involved in the promotion of skeletal growth and in a variety of metabolic functions; its actions are accomplished both directly and indirectly by the induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Liver is a

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Jinghua Peng Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ling He Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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diabetes results in increased glucose production, which is the major cause of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients ( Magnusson et al . 1992 , Kunert et al . 2003 ), mice with liver-specific double IRS1 and IRS2 knockout display severe hyperglycemia and

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Janne Lebeck The Danish Diabetes Academy, Department of Biomedicine, Odense, Denmark
The Danish Diabetes Academy, Department of Biomedicine, Odense, Denmark

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Glycerol metabolism The metabolic switching between feeding and fasting is central to everyday life and involves tight hormonal control with effects on muscle, adipose tissue, and liver that maintains an adequate handling of metabolic precursors to

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Rhonda D Kineman Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mercedes del Rio-Moreno Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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André Sarmento-Cabral Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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ternary complexes serve to extend the half-life of IGF1 and regulate its bioavailability ( Yee 2018 ). In the healthy liver, growth hormone (GH) signaling through the GH receptor (GHR)/JAK2/STAT5B pathway is required to maintain hepatocyte expression of

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Belen Brie Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Ana Ornstein Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Cecilia Ramirez Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Isabel Lacau-Mengido Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Damasia Becu-Villalobos Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Introduction Many sex differences in liver gene expression originate in the brain, depend on GH secretory patterns, and are imprinted by neonatal gonadal steroids ( Jansson & Frohman 1987 ). There is an emerging interest in the epigenetic

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Yuumi Ishizuka Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Kazuhiro Nakayama Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Ayumi Ogawa Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Saho Makishima Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Supichaya Boonvisut Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Atsushi Hirao Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Yusaku Iwasaki Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Toshihiko Yada Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Yoshiko Yanagisawa Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Hiroshi Miyashita Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Masafumi Takahashi Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Sadahiko Iwamoto Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Jichi Medical University Promotion Team of a Large-Scale Human Genome Bank for All over Japan Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Division of Integrative Physiology, Health Care Food Research, Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Division of Inflammation Research, Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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the liver using an adenoviral gene delivery system. Experimental procedures Adenovirus vector constructs The open reading frame (ORF) of TRIB1 cDNA under a CMV promoter (NM_025195, pAx-CMV-TRIB1) and a mouse Trib1 shRNA template (pAx-shTrib1

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Nathan Appanna Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Hylton Gibson Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa

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Elena Gangitano Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy

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Niall J Dempster Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Karen Morris Biochemistry Department, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK

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Sherly George Biochemistry Department, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK

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Anastasia Arvaniti Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Laura L Gathercole Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Brian Keevil Biochemistry Department, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK

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Trevor M Penning Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Karl-Heinz Storbeck Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa

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Jeremy W Tomlinson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Nikolaos Nikolaou Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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) accumulation ( Pitteloud et al. 2005 , Wang 2005 , Tomlinson et al. 2008 , Nasiri et al. 2015 ). The steroid 5β-reductase is encoded by the AKR1D1 (aldo-keto reductase 1D1) gene, and is highly expressed in the liver, where it inactivates steroid

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