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Kanchana Suksri Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Namoiy Semprasert Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mutita Junking Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Suchanoot Kutpruek Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Thawornchai Limjindaporn Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Suwattanee Kooptiwut Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a group of steroid drugs that exert strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The synthetic GCs include dexamethasone and prednisolone, which are currently in clinical use for the treatment

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Ewa Harasim-Symbor Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białsytok, Podlaskie, Poland

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Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białsytok, Podlaskie, Poland

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Adrian Chabowski Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białsytok, Podlaskie, Poland

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Introduction Dexamethasone (DEX) is one of the most commonly prescribed synthetic glucocorticoids with wide anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties ( Overman et al . 2013 , Kumar et al . 2015 ). However, prolonged DEX treatment

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Nathan Appanna Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Hylton Gibson Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa

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Elena Gangitano Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy

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Niall J Dempster Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Karen Morris Biochemistry Department, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK

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Sherly George Biochemistry Department, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK

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Anastasia Arvaniti Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Laura L Gathercole Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Brian Keevil Biochemistry Department, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK

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Trevor M Penning Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Karl-Heinz Storbeck Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa

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Jeremy W Tomlinson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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Nikolaos Nikolaou Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK

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. 2019 a ). Crucially, AKR1D1-002 is also implicated in drug metabolism, as it metabolises the synthetic glucocorticoids prednisolone and dexamethasone, with downstream decreases in glucocorticoid receptor activation ( Nikolaou et al. 2020 ). The

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Lijuan Yin Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Fang Fang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Xinglei Song Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Yan Wang Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Gaoxiang Huang Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Jie Su Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Ning Hui Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Jian Lu Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

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signaling molecules and intracellular pathways. Our previous works demonstrated that treatment of human ovarian cancer cells with dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, significantly increases cellular adhesion to ECM and their resistance to apoptosis induced

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Eugenia Mata-Greenwood Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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P Naomi Jackson Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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William J Pearce Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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Lubo Zhang Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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( Kassel & Herrlich 2007 , Biddie et al . 2012 ). Previously, we have shown that human endothelial sensitivity to dexamethasone (DEX) varied according to the levels of GRα protein degradation ( Mata-Greenwood et al . 2013 ). Human umbilical vein

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N Hoggard
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M Cruickshank
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K M Moar
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P Barrett
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S Bashir
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J D B Miller Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity (ACERO), University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland AB21 9SB, UK

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(Sigma). Differentiation was initiated 24 h after confluence by incubation for 2 days in a culture medium containing 0.25 μM dexamethasone (Dex), 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and 5 μg/ml insulin (Sigma). This was followed by maintenance in feeding

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Shambhunath Bose Proteonik Inc., Gyeonggi Bio Center, 12 Floor, 864-1 Iui-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon City 443-766, South Korea
Micro Biochip Center, Hanyang University, Ansan City 425-170, South Korea

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M Abul Farah Proteonik Inc., Gyeonggi Bio Center, 12 Floor, 864-1 Iui-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon City 443-766, South Korea
Micro Biochip Center, Hanyang University, Ansan City 425-170, South Korea

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Ho-Chul Jung Proteonik Inc., Gyeonggi Bio Center, 12 Floor, 864-1 Iui-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon City 443-766, South Korea
Micro Biochip Center, Hanyang University, Ansan City 425-170, South Korea

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Jeong-Heon Lee Proteonik Inc., Gyeonggi Bio Center, 12 Floor, 864-1 Iui-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon City 443-766, South Korea
Micro Biochip Center, Hanyang University, Ansan City 425-170, South Korea

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Yangsun Kim Proteonik Inc., Gyeonggi Bio Center, 12 Floor, 864-1 Iui-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon City 443-766, South Korea
Micro Biochip Center, Hanyang University, Ansan City 425-170, South Korea

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receiving an exposure to BMOV for 18 h and a brief insulin treatment for 15 min. Consequently, we have also checked whether treatment of dexamethasone which has been shown to increase the cellular content of IR in 3T3 fibroblasts and IM9 cells ( Fantus et

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Z G Song Departments of, Animal Science, Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China

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X H Zhang Departments of, Animal Science, Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China

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L X Zhu Departments of, Animal Science, Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China

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H C Jiao Departments of, Animal Science, Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China

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H Lin Departments of, Animal Science, Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China

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dexamethasone (DEX)-induced augmented proteolysis ( Sacheck et al . 2004 ). Compared with mammals, the insulin cascade appears to be refractory in the muscle tissue of chickens ( Dupont et al . 2004 , 2008 ). However, the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway in chicken

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Michael Wöltje Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Beate Tschöke Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Verena von Bülow Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Ralf Westenfeld Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Bernd Denecke Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Steffen Gräber Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Willi Jahnen-Dechent Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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of inflammation. Our working hypothesis was that glucocorticoids may enhance Ahsg expression on the transcriptional level and may therefore be useful in up-regulating Ahsg during inflammation. We report that dexamethasone up-regulates Ahsg gene

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A Cote-Vélez Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México

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L Pérez-Martínez Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México

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M Y Díaz-Gallardo Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México

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C Pérez-Monter Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México

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A Carreón-Rodríguez Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México

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J-L Charli Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México

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P Joseph-Bravo Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México

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effect of long-term treatment (days) with dexamethasone (dex) on proTRH mRNA levels was first described in CA77 cells ( Tavianini et al. 1989 ), and later in rat anterior pituitary or in diencephalic primary cultures ( Bruhn et al. 1994 , Luo et al

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