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Silvia Giatti Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Roberto Cosimo Melcangi Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Marzia Pesaresi Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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available about their effects on brain functions. Here, we discuss some data concerning their neural effects in animal models and in women having combined oral contraceptive (COC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Observations in animal models

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-16-0061
Volume/Issue:
Volume 57: Issue 2
Free access
H O D Critchley MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, UK

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R R Chodankar MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, UK

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United Kingdom include oral levonorgestrel (LNG) and oral UPA. LNG is used in a dose of 1.5 mg orally (single dose) and is licensed for use up to 72 h after UPSI or contraceptive failure. UPA is used in a dose of 30 mg and is licensed for up to 120 h for

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-19-0238
Volume/Issue:
Volume 65: Issue 1
Open access
Viswanath Ragupathy Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

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Wang Xue Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

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Ji Tan Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

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Krishnakumar Devadas Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

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Yamei Gao Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

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Indira Hewlett Lab of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

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compared with women who did not receive any contraceptive. In addition, this study observed no statistical difference in oral or injectable contraceptive use ( Heffron et al . 2012 , 2013 ). However, another study reported that injectable depot

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-16-0138
Volume/Issue:
Volume 57: Issue 3
Free access
Caroline H Diep Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Andrea R Daniel Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Laura J Mauro Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Todd P Knutson Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Carol A Lange Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division
Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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. Similarly, hormonal oral contraceptive use has been consistently associated with a reduced risk. In an analysis of 20 epidemiological studies between 1970 and 1991, it was estimated that a 35% reduction in the risk was associated with ever-use of oral

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-14-0252
Volume/Issue:
Volume 54: Issue 2
Free access
Natalie Gava Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital

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Christine L. Clarke Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital

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Chris Bye Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital

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Karen Byth Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital

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Anna deFazio Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital

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). By contrast, progesterone, a component of the oral contraceptive pill, produced at high levels during pregnancy, is thought to be protective against EOC ( Risch 1998 , Ho 2003 ), potentially by stimulating apoptosis ( Rodriguez et al . 1998 ). The

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JME-07-0149
Volume/Issue:
Volume 40: Issue 6
Free access
Meghan S Perkins Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa

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Renate Louw-du Toit Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa

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Donita Africander Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa

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://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(90)90551-H ) 2308344 10.1016/0022-4731(90)90290-9 Kuhnz W Al-Yacoub G Fuhrmeister A 1992 Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol in 9 women who received a low-dose oral contraceptive over a treatment

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-18-0094
Volume/Issue:
Volume 61: Issue 4
Free access
Sangappa B Chadchan Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

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Vertika Singh Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Ramakrishna Kommagani Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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-Beltran et al. examined the gut microbiota composition of non-obese females with PCOS (age 15.8 years; BMI 25 kg/m 2 ) who were randomized to receive treatment with either an oral contraceptive ( n  = 15) or with spironolactone–pioglitazone–metformin ( n

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Top-cited articles of 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-21-0238
Volume/Issue:
Volume 69: Issue 3
Free access
Alexander Kot Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA

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Zhendong A Zhong Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA

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Hongliang Zhang Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Difficult Diagnoses and Rare Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital of the Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Yu-An Evan Lay Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA

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Nancy E Lane Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA

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Wei Yao Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA

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containing oral contraceptives found slight reductions in bone mineral density in the treated group compared to controls at both central and peripheral skeletal locations ( Cundy et al . 1991 , 1996 , 1998 , Cundy & Reid 1997 , Bachrach et al . 2000

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-17-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 59: Issue 4
Free access
Sarah Theresa Boyle Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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, potentially contributing to this immunosuppressive microenvironment ( Fischer et al. 2016 ), and likewise the use of oral contraceptives has been suggested to influence immune cell populations ( Vincent & Salamonsen 2000 , Isfoss et al. 2018 ). The

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Rising Stars special collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-22-0174
Volume/Issue:
Volume 70: Issue 3
Free access
Debolina Chakraborty Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

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Ashish Sarkar Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

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Sonia Mann Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India

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Monu Monu Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

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Prachi Agnihotri Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

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Mohd Saquib Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

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Swati Malik Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

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Rajkamal Kumavat Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

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Anushka Mathur Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India

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Sagarika Biswas Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India

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between female sex hormones and RA. Pregnancy loss, parity, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), or oral contraceptives (OCs) have been reported as both protective and risk factors for RA ( Warren & Halpert 2004 ). These controversies raise an interest to

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-22-0010
Volume/Issue:
Volume 69: Issue 1
Free access