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Tram B Doan Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School – Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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J Dinny Graham Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School – Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Christine L Clarke Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School – Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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mechanisms of action of NRs made possible through advances in genomic technologies. The nuclear receptor superfamily The human nuclear receptor superfamily consists of 48 members. These transcription factors include the receptors for steroid hormones

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Jaya Nautiyal Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

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’Malley 2010 , Nautiyal et al . 2013 a , Dasgupta et al . 2014 , Stashi et al . 2014 ). These proteins are essential for gene regulation, by regulating functions of transcription factors including all members of the nuclear receptor superfamily in the

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Leandro Nieto Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Mariana Fuertes Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Josefina Rosmino Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
División Endocrinología, Hospital General de Agudos ‘Carlos G. Durand’, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Sergio Senin Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Eduardo Arzt Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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negative SMAD4 protein (AtT-20 SMAD4-DN) ( Fig. 1F ). RA and BMP-4 signaling factors associate to form transcriptional complexes AtT-20 cells express the isoforms β and γ of the RA receptors (RAR) family, and the isoforms α, β and γ of the RXR

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Vincent Giguère Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada

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Ronald M Evans The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA

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of genes is dependent on the action of transcription factors that transduce extra and intracellular signals into specific biological programs. Indeed, a purified fraction containing a receptor for the hormone cortisol (glucocorticoid receptor, GR) was

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Lacey M Litchfield Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Carolyn M Klinge Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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) HNF1B HNF1 homeobox B Nucleus Transcription regulator Increase Power & Cereghini (1996) HNF4A Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha Nucleus Transcription regulator Increase Perilhou et al . (2008 b ) KDR VEGFR2; kinase insert domain receptor (a type III

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Caroline H Diep Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Andrea R Daniel Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Laura J Mauro Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Todd P Knutson Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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Carol A Lange Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division
Hematology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Division of Physiology and Growth, Oncology, and Transplantation Division

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stimulation of PR-positive mammary epithelial cells induces transcription and secretion of multiple mitogenic factors, including Wnts, Areg, HB-EGF, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) that induce proliferation of neighboring PR

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Weiye Zhao Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK

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Susanna F Rose Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK

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Ryan Blake CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Aňze Godicelj Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Smith Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Amy E Cullen CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Jack Stenning Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK

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Lucy Beevors The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK

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Marcel Gehrung CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Sanjeev Kumar Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Kamal Kishore CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Ashley Sawle CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Matthew Eldridge CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Federico M Giorgi Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Katherine S Bridge Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK

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Florian Markowetz CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Andrew N Holding Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
The Alan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK

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Introduction Approximately 75% of breast cancers are classified as estrogen receptor-α (ER) positive. In these cancers, the ER is no longer correctly regulated, subverts cell division regulation, and becomes the driving transcription factor in

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K D Senali Abayratna Wansa Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia

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George E O Muscat Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia

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Introduction Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) function as ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate gene expression involved in reproduction, development and general metabolism ( Gronemeyer & Laudet 1995 ). NRs function as

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Michael Wöltje Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Beate Tschöke Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Verena von Bülow Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Ralf Westenfeld Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Bernd Denecke Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Steffen Gräber Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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Willi Jahnen-Dechent Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) ‘BIOMAT’, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany

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localization signal of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBP-β), thus inducing nuclear export and disrupting transcription ( Buck et al. 2001 ). The mechanism for APR-induced negative regulation of the Ahsg gene (serum level decreased by 50–70% in humans

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Sarah Theresa Boyle Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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breast cancer according to their molecular portraits – luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as ERBB2) enriched and basal-like – are typified by nuclear hormone receptor profiles that dictate pathology as well as

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