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Maria Cernea Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5

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Wei Tang Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5

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Haiyan Guan Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5

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Kaiping Yang Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5

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transfection agent alone to serve as controls. At 48 h post-transfection, cells were collected for western blot analysis. Alternatively, 12 h after transfection, cells were treated for 48 h with 100 ng/ml Bmp3 . At the end of treatment, proliferation capacity

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Sevim Kahraman Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey

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Ozlem Yilmaz Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey

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Hasan Ali Altunbas Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey

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Ercument Dirice Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA

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Ahter Dilsad Sanlioglu Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey

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diabetes treatment ( Kahraman et al. 2016 ). Another strategy to restore beta cell mass is to promote proliferation of pre-existing beta cells. Increased metabolic demand leading to increased beta cell mass in conditions such as pregnancy, obesity, or

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Ruifeng Shi Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Jing Cen Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Gunilla T Westermark Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Sheng Zhao Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Nils Welsh Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Zilin Sun Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Joey Lau Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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). This protein was initially identified as a growth factor that promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro ( Hiraoka et al. 1997 ). During the past decades, it has been extensively studied in bone

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Zhiyu Ma College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Ying Zhang College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Juan Su College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Sheng Yang College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Wenna Qiao College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Xiang Li College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Zhihai Lei College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Ling Cheng College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Na An College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Wenshao Wang College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Yanyan Feng College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Jinlong Zhang College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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), cytosolic Ca 2+ , and intracellular cAMP concentrations, resulting in related gene’s expression, DNA synthesis, and/or cellular effects (hormone secretion and cell proliferation) ( Ohki-Hamazaki 2000 , Jensen et al . 2008 ). The testes is the most

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Hong-Wei Chang
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Chao-Yuan Huang Nephrology Division, Department of Urology, Department of Internal Medicine, Room 1419, National Taiwan University Hospital, Clinical Research Building, 7 Chung-Sun South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan

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Shao-Yu Yang
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Vin-Cent Wu
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Tzong-Shinn Chu
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Yung-Ming Chen
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Bor-Shen Hsieh
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Kwan-Dun Wu
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-producing adenoma (APA). The pathogenesis of both diseases involves the over-proliferation of adrenal cortical cells. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Although angiotensin II (AII) stimulates aldosterone production through the angiotensin type 1

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Changgui Shi Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Ping Huang Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Hui Kang Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Bo Hu Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Jin Qi Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Min Jiang Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Hanbing Zhou Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Lei Guo Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Lianfu Deng Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197, The Second Ruijin Road, Luwan District, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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proliferation pathways in osteoblasts are still not known. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that are 19–25 nucleotides in length; they regulate various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, development, hematopoiesis

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K Lindberg Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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S G Rønn Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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D Tornehave Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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H Richter Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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J A Hansen Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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J Rømer Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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M Jackerott Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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N Billestrup Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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shown to be important growth factors for the β-cell as they stimulate insulin synthesis as well as β-cell proliferation ( Nielsen 1982 , 1985 , Nielsen et al. 1992 , Brelje et al. 1993 ). Specific receptors for both PRL and GH are present on β-cells

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Chanchal Gupta Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India

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Kulbhushan Tikoo Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India

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promotion of breast carcinogenesis ( Lai et al . 2001 ). As cancer cells use glucose as the source of energy for their proliferation, hyperglycemia provides a favorable environment for the growth and survival of breast cancer cells ( Beckner et al . 1990

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D Montanaro Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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M Maggiolini Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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A G Recchia Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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R Sirianni Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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S Aquila Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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L Barzon Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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F Fallo Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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S Andò Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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V Pezzi Departments of Pharmaco-Biology and Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies and
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 3, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

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shown that these cells are sensitive to low doses of estrogens in terms of proliferation and that they express mRNA of both ER isoforms. In the present study, using the H295R cell as a model system, we investigated the involvement of estrogen and

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Paolo Accornero Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy

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Silvia Miretti Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy

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Laura Starvaggi Cucuzza Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy

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Eugenio Martignani Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy

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Mario Baratta Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy

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signaling pathways that are reported as major contributors to cell proliferation, survival, and motility. Waved-2 mice that carry a spontaneous mutation in the c- erbb gene encoding EGFR show impaired lactation ( Fowler et al . 1995 ). Although several

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