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Xianjie Wen
Xianjie Wen
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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Yisheng Yang
Yisheng Yang
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Introduction Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) share some clinical and pathologic similarities, presenting with hyperglycemia resulting from islet β cell dysfunction and/or defect of insulin action. Hyperglycemia associated with both T1D
Jan Christiansen
Jan Christiansen
Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of
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Astrid M Kolte
Astrid M Kolte
Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of
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Thomas v O Hansen
Thomas v O Hansen
Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of
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Finn C Nielsen
Finn C Nielsen
Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of
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development and are essential for normal embryonic growth and development. Based on a series of genome-wide association (GWA) studies, IMP2 was recently implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we review the molecular properties of the IMP family and IMP2
Haihua Yang
Haihua Yang
Division of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Linghai Yang
Linghai Yang
Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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– 733 . ( doi:10.1038/35055575 ) Ahren B 2009 Islet G protein-coupled receptors as potential targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes . Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery 8 369 – 385 . ( doi:10.1038/nrd2782 ) Almahariq M Mei FC Cheng
Neil W Salter
Neil W Salter
Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Sudharsana R Ande
Sudharsana R Ande
Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Hoa K Nguyen
Hoa K Nguyen
Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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B L Grégoire Nyomba
B L Grégoire Nyomba
Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Suresh Mishra
Suresh Mishra
Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Departments of, Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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locus for non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes in linkage studies and is believed to contain more than one susceptibility gene ( Ji et al . 1997 , Zouali et al . 1997 , Ghosh et al . 1999 ). One such gene is hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α ( HNF4A
Liting Wu
Liting Wu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li Xiong
Li Xiong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jin Li
Jin Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zishan Peng
Zishan Peng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Luyao Zhang
Luyao Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Peijie Shi
Peijie Shi
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yingying Gong
Yingying Gong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Haipeng Xiao
Haipeng Xiao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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diabetes ( Heit et al. 2006 ). Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insufficient β-cell function under obesity-induced insulin resistance ( Kahn et al. 2006 ). In the prediabetic condition, β cells accelerate their proliferation rates to
Zodwa Dlamini
Zodwa Dlamini
Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Fortunate Mokoena
Fortunate Mokoena
Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Rodney Hull
Rodney Hull
Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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, Semenya et al . 2012 , World Health Organization 2016 ). Type 2 diabetes is the result of insulin resistance or due to the inability of the β-cells to produce enough insulin. Common symptoms of diabetes are frequent urination, excessive thirst, constant
Xiaopan Yang
Xiaopan Yang
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiaojing Fan
Xiaojing Fan
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jiangyue Feng
Jiangyue Feng
Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
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Tinghui Fan
Tinghui Fan
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jingfei Li
Jingfei Li
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Linfei Huang
Linfei Huang
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Luming Wan
Luming Wan
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huan Yang
Huan Yang
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huilong Li
Huilong Li
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jing Gong
Jing Gong
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yanhong Zhang
Yanhong Zhang
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Qi Gao
Qi Gao
Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
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Fei Zheng
Fei Zheng
Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
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Lei Xu
Lei Xu
Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
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Haotian Lin
Haotian Lin
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dandan Zhang
Dandan Zhang
Department of Laboratory, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hongbin Song
Hongbin Song
Department of Laboratory, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Yufei Wang
Yufei Wang
Department of Laboratory, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Xueping Ma
Xueping Ma
Department of Laboratory, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Zhiwei Sun
Zhiwei Sun
Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
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Cheng Cao
Cheng Cao
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiaoli Yang
Xiaoli Yang
Department of Laboratory, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hui Zhong
Hui Zhong
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yi Fang
Yi Fang
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Congwen Wei
Congwen Wei
Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of metabolic disorder with abnormally high blood glucose levels. The two most common categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( Magliano et al
Daniel Raleigh
Daniel Raleigh
Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
Research Department of Structural and Molecule Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Research Department of Structural and Molecule Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Xiaoxue Zhang
Xiaoxue Zhang
Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Benoît Hastoy
Benoît Hastoy
Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Anne Clark
Anne Clark
Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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islet ( Westermark et al . 2011 ) and secondly, the degree of replacement of islet cells by the invasive amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ( Clark et al . 1988 , Jurgens et al . 2011 ). These processes are likely to be linked in T2DM since
Darren S D Martin
Darren S D Martin
Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Siobhán Leonard
Siobhán Leonard
Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Robert Devine
Robert Devine
Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Clara Redondo
Clara Redondo
School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Gemma K Kinsella
Gemma K Kinsella
School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Conor J Breen
Conor J Breen
Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Victoria McEneaney
Victoria McEneaney
Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Mary F Rooney
Mary F Rooney
School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Tim S Munsey
Tim S Munsey
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Richard K Porter
Richard K Porter
School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Asipu Sivaprasadarao
Asipu Sivaprasadarao
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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John C Stephens
John C Stephens
Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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John B C Findlay
John B C Findlay
Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Introduction Whether administered in the early stages of the development of type 2 diabetes or as a combination therapy with injectables, metformin is the main drug of choice for treating the condition. Yet the therapeutic regimens, the side
Hongmei Lang
Hongmei Lang
Departments of Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Rongdu Road 270, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
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Zhihua Ai
Zhihua Ai
Departments of Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Rongdu Road 270, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
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Zhiqing You
Zhiqing You
Departments of Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Rongdu Road 270, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
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Yong Wan
Yong Wan
Departments of Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Rongdu Road 270, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
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Wei Guo
Wei Guo
Departments of Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Rongdu Road 270, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
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Jie Xiao
Jie Xiao
Departments of Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Rongdu Road 270, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
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Xiaolan Jin
Xiaolan Jin
Departments of Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Rongdu Road 270, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
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, Zhang et al . 2015 ). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by reduced insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance at the target cells, which result in increased blood glucose levels ( Kahn 2001 ). It has been reported that
