with role for progestins in regulating the expression of AR ( Marshall et al . 2011 ). Following the establishment of pregnancy, immunohistochemistry studies have reported that AR is detected in decidual stromal cells and in endothelial cells lining
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Douglas A Gibson, Ioannis Simitsidellis, and Philippa T K Saunders
Luca Clemente and Ian M Bird
Introduction Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy that is both a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide and confers an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases later in life (reviewed by
I Robertshaw, F Bian, and S K Das
.4% ( Boivin et al. 2007 ). Although much advancement has been made using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to achieve higher pregnancy rates by improving the selection of high-quality embryos, the implantation process is still very illusive. The
Hitoshi Iida, Takeshi Ogihara, Mun-kyeong Min, Akemi Hara, Yeong Gi Kim, Kyoko Fujimaki, Motoyuki Tamaki, Yoshio Fujitani, Hail Kim, and Hirotaka Watada
pancreas or islet transplantation would be an effective approach to augment β-cell mass, there is limited availability of pancreata for transplantation. Placental lactogens induce glucose intolerance during pregnancy, which leads to dramatic increases in
Carolyn M Mitchell, Shane D Sykes, Xin Pan, Kirsty G Pringle, Eugenie R Lumbers, Jonathan J Hirst, and Tamas Zakar
pregnancy may cause serious complications such as preterm birth ( Marvin et al . 2002 , Shankar et al . 2010 ). The mechanisms that determine the timing of proinflammatory fetal membrane activation and the responsiveness of inflammatory genes to
Jin Bai, Thomas J Lechuga, Joshua Makhoul, Hao Yan, Carol Major, Afshan Hameed, and Dong-bao Chen
Introduction Normal pregnancy is associated with profound uterine artery (UA) dilation exemplified by ~20- to 50-fold rises in uterine blood flow (UtBF) in late pregnant (P) vs nonpregnant (NP) state, which results in a large volume of
L B James-Allan, G S Whitley, K Leslie, A E Wallace, and J E Cartwright
Introduction During the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the human endometrium becomes remodelled due to rising levels of post-ovulatory progesterone, in preparation for pregnancy. A major part of this process is the differentiation
Olivier Sandra, Isabelle Bataillon, Pascale Roux, Jacques Martal, Gilles Charpigny, Pierrette Reinaud, Philippe Bolifraud, Guy Germain, and Kaïs H Al-Gubory
Introduction A tightly regulated communication between the conceptus (the embryo or foetus and associated membranes) and the endometrium is necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy ( Paria et al. 2002 ). To be
Philip Lowry and Russell Woods
Introduction The placenta is a consummate endocrine organ as it secretes many biologically active peptide hormones at various times throughout the whole pregnancy. Unlike regulated secretion from other endocrine tissues, secretion from the
Michelle Colomiere, Michael Permezel, and Martha Lappas
Introduction The later part of normal human pregnancy is characterised by maternal hyperinsulinaemia and a progressive decline in insulin sensitivity, an adaptation required for adequate transport of nutrients between mother and foetus ( Buchanan
