and function ( Isgaard et al. 2015 , Colao et al. 2019 ). GH exerts its effects directly through its receptor (GHR) or through the induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the liver and other tissues, which then acts through its
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Marina C Muñoz, Verónica G Piazza, Valeria Burghi, Jorge F Giani, Carolina S Martinez, Nadia S Cicconi, Nadia V Muia, Yimin Fang, Sergio Lavandero, Ana I Sotelo, Andrzej Bartke, Patricia A Pennisi, Fernando P Dominici, and Johanna G Miquet
Xilin Yang, Zezhang Tao, Zhanyong Zhu, Hua Liao, Yueqiang Zhao, and Huajun Fan
Introduction Insulin is an important peptide hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells ( Moore & Cooper 1991 , Sonoda et al . 2008 ). It promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue; therefore, it plays a
Yu-Feng Zhao, Li Wang, Dingjun Zha, Li Qiao, Lianjun Lu, Jun Yu, Ping Qu, Qiang Sun, Jianhua Qiu, and Chen Chen
. There are only reports showing that GW9508 potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in insulinoma cell lines such as MIN6 cells and INS-1E cells ( Briscoe et al . 2006 , Yang et al . 2010 ). And it was shown that GW9508 does not
Chanchal Gupta and Kulbhushan Tikoo
significantly contribute to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. It has been recognized as a risk factor for various malignancies, including breast, endometrial, colon, and
Rafaela Fadoni Alponti, Luciana Godoy Viana, Norma Yamanouye, and Paulo Flavio Silveira
Introduction During the prandial period, insulin stimulates the translocation of an intracellular vesicle from low density microsomal (LDM) fraction to the plasma membrane (MF) of adipocytes ( Watson & Pessin 2001 , Zeyda & Stulnig 2009 , Jordens
Jing Lu, Cheng Cheng, Zhen-Chao Cheng, Qian Wu, Han Shen, Ming-xia Yuan, Bo Zhang, and Jin-Kui Yang
Introduction Diabetes is a global health problem that is tightly associated with the dysfunction or loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β-cells. In this context, seeking the mechanisms underlying β-cell development and function serves a
Inge Seim, Amy A Lubik, Melanie L Lehman, Nadine Tomlinson, Eliza J Whiteside, Adrian C Herington, Colleen C Nelson, and Lisa K Chopin
functions, including regulation of adipogenesis, insulin secretion and pancreatic homeostasis and cancer cell progression ( Zhang et al . 2005 , Seim et al . 2011 b ). Following cleavage of the signal peptide, the 94 amino acid proghrelin peptide is post
Jessica A Deis, Hong Guo, Yingjie Wu, Chengyu Liu, David A Bernlohr, and Xiaoli Chen
expression of PPARγ in brown and WAT depots and chronic treatment with rosiglitazone has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and cold intolerance in these mice ( Jin et al . 2011 ). Further studies have found LCN2 regulates RA metabolism and action in
Gemma Tan, Andrew G Elefanty, and Edouard G Stanley
1 diabetes is thought to result from T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells and is believed to have a genetic component (reviewed in Concannon et al . (2009) ), although, recently, both these contentions have been
Haihua Yang and Linghai Yang
inputs from food absorption and hepatic release can be either inhibited or increased by neural signals from the brain. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is increased by glucagon during fasting and inhibited by insulin after food absorption. Insulin also
