utility of MSCs as therapeutic agents for an array of medical conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a concise summary of the existing literature evaluating MSCs as novel therapeutic agents for diabetes mellitus. Additionally, this focused
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Alvaro Moreira, Samuel Kahlenberg, and Peter Hornsby
Mohamed H Noureldein, Sara Bitar, Natalie Youssef, Sami Azar, and Assaad A Eid
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a wide range of etiologies, intricate pathogenesis and predisposes for various serious micro- and macro-vascular complications. Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with disturbance of gut
Afreen Idris Shariff, Sohail Syed, Rebecca A Shelby, Jeremy Force, Jeffrey Melson Clarke, David D’Alessio, and Leonor Corsino
both and have been associated with the development of both T1DM and T2DM ( Yang & Yee 2012 ). It is important to note that a concurrent diagnosis of diabetes is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. A large
Rebecca H Ritchie, Eser J Zerenturk, Darnel Prakoso, and Anna C Calkin
first observed in the 1970s after post-mortem studies of four individuals exhibiting concomitant diabetes and heart failure, in the absence of hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) or other likely causal factors ( Rubler et al . 1972 , Regan et
Haihua Yang and Linghai Yang
probably not in all T2D patients ( Samuel et al . 2009 ). Increased expression of G6Pase in the liver is also associated with diabetes ( Haber et al . 1995 , van Schaftingen & Gerin 2002 ). PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a central role
Christopher E Wall, Ruth T Yu, Anne R Atkins, Michael Downes, and Ronald M Evans
, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes ( Knowler et al . 2002 , Shin et al . 2013 ). Even a small increase in daily physical activity can improve muscle fitness, promote resistance to diet-induced obesity, and reduce systemic inflammation ( Warburton et al . 2006
Ermelindo C Leal, Tatiana Emanuelli, Diana Santos, João Moura, Ana Catarina RG Fonseca, Ana Burgeiro, and Eugenia Carvalho
Introduction Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes, affecting 25% of patients with diabetes and preceding 84% of all lower extremity amputations ( Brem & Tomic-Canic 2007 ). Wound healing (WH) is a complex process
Custodia García-Jiménez, Jose Manuel García-Martínez, Ana Chocarro-Calvo, and Antonio De la Vieja
population may be attributed to treatment for diabetes, to hormonal disorders, to the status of chronic inflammation and to metabolic alterations underlying the diseases (summarized in Fig. 1 ). Moreover, diabetes may also develop following tumor
Yanyan Cao, Yunsheng Li, Jaekyung Kim, Yulin Ren, Klaus Himmeldirk, Yi Liu, Yanrong Qian, Fengming Liu, and Xiaozhuo Chen
Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D are two major endocrine diseases characterized by insufficient insulin receptor (IR) signaling resulting in hyperglycemia ( Zimmet et al . 2001 , van Belle et al . 2011 , Calhoun et al . 2011
Evgeny Weinberg, Tal Maymon, and Miron Weinreb
Introduction Osteoporosis is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and patients with either T1DM or T2DM experience a higher incidence of fractures ( Schwartz 2003 , Yamagishi et al . 2005 ). Numerous rat and mouse studies have
