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Zhiyu Ma College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Ying Zhang College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Juan Su College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Sheng Yang College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Wenna Qiao College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Xiang Li College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Zhihai Lei College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Ling Cheng College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Na An College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Wenshao Wang College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Yanyan Feng College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Jinlong Zhang College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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(Beyotime) according to the manufacturer’s protocol, and the absorbance was read at 570 nm on a Microplate Reader (Bio-Rad). Cell apoptosis (FITC) assay Cells undergoing apoptosis were assessed using the FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD

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Kanchana Suksri Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Namoiy Semprasert Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mutita Junking Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Suchanoot Kutpruek Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Thawornchai Limjindaporn Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Suwattanee Kooptiwut Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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( van Raalte et al. 2012 ). However, the molecular mechanisms through which GCs directly induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis have not yet been well established. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF

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Li Zhang
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Jie Gao
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Sheng Cui State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

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-β-induced granulosa cell proliferation and granulosa cell functions by targeting SMAD4 ( Yao et al . 2010 ). MicroRNA-21 was shown to regulate granulosa cell apoptosis, and in vivo knockdown of miR-21 causes an increase in apoptosis ( Carletti et al . 2010

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Ray-Jade Chen Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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His-Chin Wu Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Mu-Hsin Chang Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Chao-Hung Lai Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Yun-Chen Tien Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Jin-Ming Hwang Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Wu-Hsien Kuo Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Fuu-Jen Tsai Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Chang-Hai Tsai Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Li-Mien Chen Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Chih-Yang Huang Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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Chun-Hsien Chu Trauma and Emergency Center, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Healthcare Administration, Division of Medical Technology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC

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, cell apoptosis regulation in response to vast stresses is divided from either initiating the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway, thereby triggering caspases cascade activation ( Riedl & Shi 2004 ). Studies of IGFs in a pressure overload animal model have

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Shuai Shao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi Peoples Hospital, Linyi, China

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Hui Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi Peoples Hospital, Linyi, China

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Wei Shao Department of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Pingyi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pingyi, China

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Na Liu Department of Acupuncture, Linyi Peoples Hospital, Linyi, China

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et al. 2014 ). Interestingly, WT1 knockdown can accelerate hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis by blocking the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway ( Lv et al. 2015 ), which is also one of the

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Laura de Miguel-Santos Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Elisa Fernández-Millán Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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María Ángeles Martín Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Fernando Escrivá Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Carmen Álvarez Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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( Hogg et al . 1994 , Petrik et al . 1998 ). Both IGFs are considered as survival factors by inhibiting β-cell apoptosis. It has been shown that the transient wave of apoptosis that occurs in developing rat islets between the first and second week of

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Guojun Shi Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Chen Sun Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Weiqiong Gu Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Minglan Yang Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Xiaofang Zhang Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Nan Zhai Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Yan Lu Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Zhijian Zhang Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Peishun Shou Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Zhiguo Zhang Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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Guang Ning Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU), Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197th Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China

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carried out with four replicates for each assay. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, control vs treatment. FFAR2 overexpression increases cell apoptosis, cytosolic Ca 2 + concentration, and ROS level FCM assays with annexin V and PI staining revealed a

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Qun Cheng Diabetes Research Laboratory, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hainin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
Diabetes Research Laboratory, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hainin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China

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Weipin Dong Diabetes Research Laboratory, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hainin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China

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Lei Qian Diabetes Research Laboratory, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hainin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China

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Jingcheng Wu Diabetes Research Laboratory, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hainin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China

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Yongde Peng Diabetes Research Laboratory, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hainin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China

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inhibit the action of insulin and to cause apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Specifically, it plays key roles in obesity-associated islet cell apoptosis and thus has a substantial impact on the progress of diabetes. Moreover, it has been reported that

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Fabio Arturo Grieco ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Andrea Alex Schiavo ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Flora Brozzi ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Jonas Juan-Mateu ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Marco Bugliani Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Piero Marchetti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Décio L Eizirik ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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) and other regulators of the UPR. ATF4 increases the expression of two important transcription factors, namely ATF3 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3, also known as PERK), which contribute to beta cell apoptosis

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Xiaodan Li College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Xiaolei Yao College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Yongjin Bao College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Kaiping Deng College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Mingtian Deng College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Fan Yang College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Xuan Sun College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Peihua You College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Qingxian Cai College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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Feng Wang College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China

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cells at different stages of the cell cycle. All data were collected from at least 10,000 cells per sample. Analysis of cell apoptosis Cell apoptosis was measured using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection Kit (BD

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