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. 2016 ). Steroid receptor signaling pathways have often been studied in isolation; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that these pathways are intertwined. The ability of some steroid hormones, such as progestins, to activate multiple steroid
The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, CIIT Centers for Health Research, Division of Computational Biology, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2137, USA
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The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, CIIT Centers for Health Research, Division of Computational Biology, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2137, USA
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The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, CIIT Centers for Health Research, Division of Computational Biology, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2137, USA
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The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, CIIT Centers for Health Research, Division of Computational Biology, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2137, USA
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Introduction Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) comprise a superfamily of transcription factors that are activated by steroid hormones to regulate specific gene expression. They play critical roles in a variety of physiological
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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involved in thyroid and steroid hormone as well as drug metabolism. The liver is the primary organ expressing genes coding for DME including Phase I and Phase II enzymes as well as Phase III (efflux) transporters, thereby representing a defense system that
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, Arnold 2005 , Pawlak et al . 2005 , Garcia-Segura & Melcangi 2006 , Leonelli et al . 2007 ). Astrocyte mitochondria represent an interesting intracellular target organelle for steroid hormones, since they provide ample of services to neural cells
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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( Pi et al. 2003 ). In the liver, the expression of the PRL-R gene is known to be regulated by sex steroid hormones; up-regulation by oestrogen and down-regulation by testosterone ( Jolicoeur et al. 1989 , Sakaguchi et al. 1994 ). However, the
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2001 ), but the frequency of various monopotential versus bi- or multipotential cells in RC populations remains unknown. The steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) has diverse effects on many cell lineages, including
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ABSTRACT
We investigated the biological effects of sex-steroid hormones, secreted from the corpus luteum and placenta, on the induction of mRNAs encoding macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) and c-fms proto-oncogene (MCSF receptor) in human endometrium. RNA was extracted from the placenta and endometrium of both pregnant and non-pregnant women, and Northern blot analysis was performed on poly(A)+ RNA using MCSF or c-fms proto-oncogene cDNA as the probe. Results showed: (1) that MCSF mRNA was expressed in the placenta and endometrium of the pregnant uterus, (2) that c-fms proto-oncogene mRNA was also expressed in the placenta and endometrium of the pregnant uterus, and (3) that exogenous sex-steroid hormones could induce the expression of MCSF and c-fms proto-oncogene mRNAs in the endometrium of non-pregnant women. These results indicate that sex-steroid hormones secreted by the corpus luteum and/or placenta influence endometrial and placental growth and differentiation via a mechanism of action involving local production of MCSF and its receptor.
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ABSTRACT
Exposure to short daylengths arrests the oestrous cycle, provokes daily gonadotrophin surges and reduces the ability of exogenous oestradiol to trigger behavioural receptivity in golden hamsters. In order to examine neuroendocrine effects of photoperiod which might underlie these responses, ovariectomized hamsters were maintained under long or short photoperiods for 54 days before treatment with cholesterol or various doses of oestradiol-17β. Short days reduced the ability of low doses of oestrogen to prime hamsters for the induction of oestrus by progesterone. Upon repetition of oestrogen priming 2 weeks later, photoperiod was without significant influence on the concentrations of nuclear oestrogen receptors or cytosolic progestin receptors in a block of tissue containing the hypothalamus and preoptic area.
Oestradiol treatment provoked significant increases in serum concentrations of LH and prolactin in the afternoon, but photoperiod did not alter the positive-feedback efficacy of this gonadal steroid hormone. Adenohypophysial LH-β subunit and prolactin mRNAs were suppressed by short days in ovariectomized hamsters not treated with oestradiol. Oestradiol decreased expression of the LH-β subunit gene in both stimulatory and inhibitory photoperiods, but increased prolactin mRNA abundance in both long and short days. Photoperiod therefore exerts pronounced steroid-independent effects on phasic LH and prolactin secretion, but regulation of adenohypophysial abundance of LH-β subunit and prolactin mRNAs by oestradiol is not markedly influenced by daylength. Photoperiodic regulation of the priming effects of oestradiol on behavioural receptivity may result from modulation of events occurring subsequent to steroid—receptor interactions, or involve changes in receptor populations not detectable by the present methods.
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The fields of vitamins and steroid hormones emerged in parallel in the early parts of the 20th century. Scientists in both fields were initially interested in the purification of natural compounds present, respectively, in food stuff and extracts
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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elsewhere ( Geyer et al . 2017 ). Another twist comes from recent evidence that sulfated steroids can still be substrates for steroidogenic enzymes, suggesting they may act as hormonal precursors for a wide range of steroids. We have previously provided a
