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Douglas A Gibson Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Ioannis Simitsidellis Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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with role for progestins in regulating the expression of AR ( Marshall et al . 2011 ). Following the establishment of pregnancy, immunohistochemistry studies have reported that AR is detected in decidual stromal cells and in endothelial cells lining

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Luca Clemente Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Ian M Bird Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Introduction Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy that is both a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide and confers an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases later in life (reviewed by

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I Robertshaw Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

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F Bian Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

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S K Das Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

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.4% ( Boivin et al. 2007 ). Although much advancement has been made using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to achieve higher pregnancy rates by improving the selection of high-quality embryos, the implantation process is still very illusive. The

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Hitoshi Iida Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Takeshi Ogihara Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Mun-kyeong Min Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Akemi Hara Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Yeong Gi Kim Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Kyoko Fujimaki Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Motoyuki Tamaki Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Yoshio Fujitani Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center
Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Hail Kim Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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Hirotaka Watada Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center
Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center
Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Center for Molecular Diabetology, Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center

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pancreas or islet transplantation would be an effective approach to augment β-cell mass, there is limited availability of pancreata for transplantation. Placental lactogens induce glucose intolerance during pregnancy, which leads to dramatic increases in

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Carolyn M Mitchell Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

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Shane D Sykes Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

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Xin Pan Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

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Kirsty G Pringle Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

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Eugenie R Lumbers Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

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Jonathan J Hirst Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

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Tamas Zakar Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

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pregnancy may cause serious complications such as preterm birth ( Marvin et al . 2002 , Shankar et al . 2010 ). The mechanisms that determine the timing of proinflammatory fetal membrane activation and the responsiveness of inflammatory genes to

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Gang Wei Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Juan-Juan Zhu Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Feng-Jie Shen Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Rong-Rong Xie Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Chen-Yang Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yuan Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xi Cao Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xin Ding Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jin-Kui Yang Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Normal pregnancy requires significant metabolic adaptations to meet the nutrient requirements of the mother and fetus ( Kizirian et al. 2016 , Papacleovoulou et al. 2017 ). In particular, maternal energy metabolism, including

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Jin Bai Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Thomas J Lechuga Department of Biology, San Bernardino Valley College, San Bernardino, California, USA

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Joshua Makhoul Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Hao Yan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Carol Major Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Afshan Hameed Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Dong-bao Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Introduction Normal pregnancy is associated with profound uterine artery (UA) dilation exemplified by ~20- to 50-fold rises in uterine blood flow (UtBF) in late pregnant (P) vs nonpregnant (NP) state, which results in a large volume of

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L B James-Allan Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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G S Whitley Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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K Leslie Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK
Fetal Medicine Unit, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK

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A E Wallace Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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J E Cartwright Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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Introduction During the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the human endometrium becomes remodelled due to rising levels of post-ovulatory progesterone, in preparation for pregnancy. A major part of this process is the differentiation

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Hsien-Ming Wu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Liang-Hsuan Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Wei-Jung Chiu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Chia-Lung Tsai Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Introduction The functional cross talk between embryos and maternal endometrium has a critical role in successful embryo implantation, placentation, and subsequent pregnancy ( Gellersen et al. 2010 , Teklenburg et al. 2010 , Wu et al

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Olivier Sandra Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Isabelle Bataillon Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Pascale Roux Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Jacques Martal Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Gilles Charpigny Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Pierrette Reinaud Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Philippe Bolifraud Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Guy Germain Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Kaïs H Al-Gubory Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 INRA-ENVA Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France

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Introduction A tightly regulated communication between the conceptus (the embryo or foetus and associated membranes) and the endometrium is necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy ( Paria et al. 2002 ). To be

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