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E Anastasi Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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C Santangelo Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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A Bulotta Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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F Dotta Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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B Argenti Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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C Mincione Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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A Gulino Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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M Maroder Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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R Perfetti Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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U Di Mario Department of Clinical Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Section of Nutrition, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy

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The elucidation of mechanisms regulating the regeneration and survival of pancreatic beta cells has fundamental implications in the cell therapy of type 1 diabetes. The present study had the following three aims: 1. to investigate whether pancreatic ductal epithelial cells can be induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells by exposing them to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF); 2. to characterize some of the molecular events leading to their differentiation toward a beta-cell-like phenotype; 3. to evaluate the susceptibility of newly differentiated insulin-secreting cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis, a mechanism of beta-cell destruction occurring in type 1 diabetes. We demonstrated that HGF-treated rat pancreatic ductal cell line (ARIP) cells acquired the capability to transcribe the insulin gene and translate its counterpart protein. HGF-treated cells also exhibited a glucose-dependent capability to secrete insulin into the cultured medium. Expression analysis of some of the genes regulating pancreatic beta-cell differentiation revealed a time-dependent transcription of neurogenin-3 and Neuro-D in response to HGF. Finally, we determined the susceptibility to proinflammatory cytokine (PTh1)-induced apoptosis by incubating HGF-treated and untreated ARIP cells with a cocktail of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Such treatment induced apoptotic death, as determined by the TUNEL technique, in about 40% of HGF-treated, insulin-secreting ARIP cells, while untreated ARIP cells were resistant to PTh1-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, we showed that HGF promotes the differentiation of ARIP cells into pancreatic beta-cell-like cells, and that the differentiation toward an insulin-secreting phenotype is associated with the appearance of susceptibility to cytokine-induced apoptosis.

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