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Fraydoon Rastinejad Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Target Discovery Institute (NDM RB), Oxford, UK

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Introduction The retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are the earliest and most intensely studied nuclear receptors (NRs) for their three-dimensional (3D) structures. Both receptor groups bind to retinoic acids (RAs

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Aqfan Jamaluddin Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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Caroline M Gorvin Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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-coupled receptor (GPCR), calcium-sensing receptor, and its role in calcium homeostasis. Caroline moved to the IMSR in 2018 to establish her research group investigating metabolic GPCRs. Her current research focusses on how metabolic GPCRs cross-talk and interact to

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Hasnat Ali Abid Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Asuka Inoue Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Caroline M Gorvin Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK

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Introduction The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C homo-dimeric G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a fundamental role in extracellular calcium (Ca 2+ e ) homeostasis by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) release and

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Caroline M Gorvin Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) & Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Paul J Newey Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (MCM), University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Dundee, UK

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Rajesh V Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Introduction The prolactin receptor (PRLR), and its ligand, the hormone prolactin (PRL) are reported to have diverse roles that include induction and maintenance of lactation in the peripartum and postpartum periods ( Ben-Jonathan et al

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Kate E Lines Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK

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Anna K Gluck Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK

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Supat Thongjuea Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Chas Bountra Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Rajesh V Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK

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Caroline M Gorvin Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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was the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) (Supplementary Table 1, see section on supplementary materials given at the end of this article). The CaSR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is widely expressed and has calcitropic roles, that is

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Dellel Rezgui
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Christopher Williams Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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Sharon A Savage Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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Stuart N Prince
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Oliver J Zaccheo
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E Yvonne Jones Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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Matthew P Crump Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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A Bassim Hassan
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Introduction The human mannose 6-phosphate/IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) is a large (270 kDa) multi-functional type I membrane protein and P -type lectin. The 15 extra-cellular domains of IGF2R bind ligands that are shuttled from the Golgi to the pre

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Edith Bonnelye Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Frédéric Saltel Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Anne Chabadel Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Ralph A Zirngibl Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Jane E Aubin Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Pierre Jurdic Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Introduction Osteoclasts (OCs) are large multinucleated cells of hematopoietic origin formed by the differentiation and fusion of mononuclear monocyte–macrophage lineage precursors after stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB

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Douglas R Houston Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Jane G Hanna Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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J Constance Lathe Program in Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Stephen G Hillier Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Richard Lathe Division of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Introduction Nuclear receptors (NRs) are essential to animal life, but their evolutionary origins are unknown. NRs are present in Metazoan species including sponges, insects, and vertebrates, but not in Archaea, bacteria, fungi, or plants. NRs

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S Das Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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I Sepahi Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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A Duthie Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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S Clark Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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J C Crockett Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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Introduction The interaction of receptor activator of NFκB (RANK; encoded by TNFRSF11A ) with RANK ligand (RANKL; encoded by TNFSF11 ) is critical for the formation and function of osteoclasts ( Anderson et al . 1997 ), and the absence of either

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Irina G Bogdarina Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Peter J King Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Adrian J L Clark Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Introduction The renin–angiotensin system plays a major part in the regulation of salt and water metabolism and consequently of blood pressure in mammals. Key components of this system are the receptors for angiotensin. Two G protein

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