pure AEs and SERMs act via different molecular mechanisms. Indeed, although 4-hydroxytamoxifen increases overall ERα protein levels, pure AEs accelerate ERα turnover through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in ERα-positive breast cancer cells and in
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T Traboulsi, M El Ezzy, J L Gleason, and S Mader
Tingyuan Ren, Yuping Zhu, Xuejuan Xia, Yongbo Ding, Jing Guo, and Jianquan Kan
(Fogg et al . 2011). The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) connects the ubiquitin to the target protein by a three-enzyme cascade. UPP is the most vital and selective protein degradation pathway in mammalian cells, and it mediates the degradation of 80
Dan Hanson, Adam Stevens, Philip G Murray, Graeme C M Black, and Peter E Clayton
( Huber et al . 2005 , Hanson et al . 2009 , 2011 b , 2012 ). CUL7 forms the central component of an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase ( Dias et al . 2002 ) that localises to the Golgi apparatus ( Litterman et al . 2011 ) and has been shown to be involved in
Irit Hochberg, Innocence Harvey, Quynh T Tran, Erin J Stephenson, Ariel L Barkan, Alan R Saltiel, William F Chandler, and Dave Bridges
al . 2007 ). Exposure of rats to glucocorticoids activates the muscle ubiquitin-proteasome system ( Wing & Goldberg 1993 , Price et al . 1994 ), increasing muscle expression of proteases (cathepsins B and D, calpain) and components of the ubiquitin
Cristina L Esteves, Val Kelly, Valérie Bégay, Simon G Lillico, Achim Leutz, Jonathan R Seckl, and Karen E Chapman
allows for GFP expression. Constitutive expression of the reverse Tet transactivator (rtTA3) and the neomycin resistance gene (Neo) is driven by the ubiquitin-c (Ubi-c) promoter ( Fig. 1A ). In order to express C/EBPβ-LIP in mature adipocytes, we first
Rodolfo Niño Fong, Zahra Fatehi-Hassanabad, Simon C Lee, Hongfang Lu, Michael B Wheeler, and Catherine B Chan
is retained in the cytoplasm by association with IκBα. IKKβ phosphorylation of IκBα allows it to enter the ubiquitin pathway for degradation, thereby permitting translocation of NF-κB RelA subunit to the nucleus ( Magnani et al . 2000 ). Laybutt et
Eugenia Mata-Greenwood, P Naomi Jackson, William J Pearce, and Lubo Zhang
endothelial cells (HUVECs) that were resistant to in vitro stimulation by DEX had an increased expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase gene BCL2-athanogene 1 ( BAG1 ) and subsequent GR protein ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. It was found that the
Lingyun Zhang, Takashi Sugiyama, Nao Murabayashi, Takashi Umekawa, Ning Ma, Yuki Kamimoto, Yoshihiro Ogawa, and Norimasa Sagawa
adipocytes and by inducing ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the IRS1 through the suppression of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 ( Emanuelli et al . 2000 , Kristiansen & Mandrup-Poulsen 2005 ). There was a different gene expression of IL6 between SAT
James G Yarger, Robert E Babine, Michael Bittner, Erin Shanle, Wei Xu, Pamela Hershberger, and Steven H Nye
-C motif) ligand 1 CCL1 6346 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.66 3.20 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 CCL8 6355 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.66 3.20 Housekeeping Actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta ACTA2 59 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 −0.24 Ubiquitin B UBB 7314 0.00 0.00 0
Shalinee Dhayal, Kaiyven Afi Leslie, Mohammad Baity, Pouria Akhbari, Sarah J Richardson, Mark A Russell, and Noel G Morgan
cell surface are unlikely to be a primary cause. Rather, it seems more probable that downstream signalling events are involved and, in other cell types, the levels of expression of a key interferon-sensitive gene, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18
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