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Indrajit Chowdhury Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Reproductive Science Research Program, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Kelwyn Thomas Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Anthony Zeleznik Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Winston E Thompson Reproductive Science Research Program, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Introduction Mammalian granulosa cells (GCs) are multilayered somatic cells residing within the ovarian follicle that support oogenesis through proliferation, differentiation, and interactive communications. These events are under the control

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Yali Ling National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Feng Xu National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Xuedi Xia National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Dexing Dai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Ruoman Sun National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Zhongjian Xie National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and medullary thyroid carcinoma. FTC and PTC are also defined as differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), accounting for 90% of thyroid malignancies

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Fabien Duval GIG – EA 7404, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France

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Esther Dos Santos GIG – EA 7404, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France

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Hadia Moindjie GIG – EA 7404, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France

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Valérie Serazin GIG – EA 7404, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France

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Nelly Swierkowski-Blanchard GIG – EA 7404, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique, Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France

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François Vialard GIG – EA 7404, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique, Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, Poissy, France

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Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné GIG – EA 7404, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France

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in a 5% CO 2 and 95% air atmosphere. When the cells reached confluence, they were cultured in the presence or absence of adiponectin (25 ng/mL and 250 ng/mL) in differentiation medium containing DMEM/F12 with E2 (10 –8  M), P4 (10 –6  M), charcoal

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Gemma Tan Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Andrew G Elefanty Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Edouard G Stanley Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Building 73, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

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place of donor-derived pancreatic tissue. Of particular interest are pluripotent stem cells, immortal stable cell lines that can be differentiated into any cell type found in the body, including insulin-producing β-cells. This review briefly discusses

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Cristina L Esteves
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Val Kelly
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Valérie Bégay Endocrinology Unit, Max Delbrüeck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Simon G Lillico Endocrinology Unit, Max Delbrüeck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Achim Leutz Endocrinology Unit, Max Delbrüeck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Jonathan R Seckl
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Karen E Chapman
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obesity-related disorders. However, introduction of nucleic acids and, consequently, the manipulation of genes in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes are difficult to achieve. pSLIK plasmids, encoding a tetracycline-regulated transcriptional unit in a

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Dong Li Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Chenhao Cao Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zhuofan Li Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zhiyong Chang Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Ping Cai Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Chenxi Zhou Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Jun Liu Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Kaihua Li Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Bin Du Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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. 2017 , Szabó et al . 2022 ). Reports have demonstrated that Icariside II enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and prevents ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss ( Ming et al . 2013 , Liu et al . 2017

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Erik Elebring Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna Casselbrant Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sara M T Persson Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lars Fändriks Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ville Wallenius Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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both sides of the membrane until confluent. When confluent, differentiation was achieved using the air–liquid interface (ALI) technique. With the ALI technique, differentiation medium (IntestiCult Organoid Differentiation Media (STEMCELLS) with 10 μM Y

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James G Yarger
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Robert E Babine ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Michael Bittner ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Erin Shanle ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Wei Xu ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Pamela Hershberger ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Steven H Nye
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affect both ER selectivity and gene expression pathways responsible for cell growth and differentiation. The potential of the three E 2 analogs studied here for treating human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer, supports the viability of

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Edith Bonnelye Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Frédéric Saltel Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Anne Chabadel Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Ralph A Zirngibl Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Jane E Aubin Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Pierre Jurdic Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INSERM U664, Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France

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Introduction Osteoclasts (OCs) are large multinucleated cells of hematopoietic origin formed by the differentiation and fusion of mononuclear monocyte–macrophage lineage precursors after stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB

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Yasmine Hachemi Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Anna E Rapp Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany

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Ann-Kristin Picke Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Gilbert Weidinger Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Anita Ignatius Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany

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Jan Tuckermann Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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expression pattern. GCs by acting on the brain and metabolic organs, including the liver, fat and muscle, contribute substantially to energy metabolism and tissue integrity by affecting cellular proliferation, differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis

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