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Weiye Zhao Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK

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Susanna F Rose Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK

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Ryan Blake CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Aňze Godicelj Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Smith Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Amy E Cullen CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Jack Stenning Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK

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Lucy Beevors The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK

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Marcel Gehrung CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Sanjeev Kumar Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Kamal Kishore CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Ashley Sawle CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Matthew Eldridge CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Federico M Giorgi Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Katherine S Bridge Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK

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Florian Markowetz CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Andrew N Holding Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
The Alan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK

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Introduction Approximately 75% of breast cancers are classified as estrogen receptor-α (ER) positive. In these cancers, the ER is no longer correctly regulated, subverts cell division regulation, and becomes the driving transcription factor in

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James G Yarger
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Robert E Babine ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Michael Bittner ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Erin Shanle ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Wei Xu ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Pamela Hershberger ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Steven H Nye
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target for drug developers treating human diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, and autoimmune disorders ( Deroo & Korach 2006 ). Drugs in the market that modulate the activity of nuclear receptors represent over $30 billion in pharmaceutical sales

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Oro Uchenunu Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Department of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Michael Pollak Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Department of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Ivan Topisirovic Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Department of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Laura Hulea Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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crucial cellular processes (e.g. proliferation, growth, differentiation and development) ( Hershey et al . 2012 ). Dysregulated mRNA translation is implicated in most hallmarks of cancer including aberrant cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and

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Ross S Thomas Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Naveed Sarwar Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Fladia Phoenix Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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R Charles Coombes Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Simak Ali Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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cardiovascular system, as well as being significant for certain brain functions ( Couse & Korach 1999 ). Additionally, estrogens stimulate breast cancer progression and ∼70–80% of breast cancers express ERα. The presence of ERα correlates with likelihood of

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Silvia Ottaviani
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Greg N Brooke Department of Surgery and Cancer, School of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London W12 0NN, UK

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Ciara O'Hanlon-Brown
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Jonathan Waxman
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Simak Ali
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Laki Buluwela
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Introduction Androgens play a central role in the biology of normal prostate development and prostate cancer progression ( Shen & Abate-Shen 2010 ). These hormones mediate their effects through the action of the androgen receptor (AR), a member of

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Miguel Beato Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain

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Roni H G Wright Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain

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François Le Dily Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain

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this review we will concentrate on the role of progestins (Pg) on the regulation of gene expression via their specific progesterone receptor (PR), focusing on breast cancer cells. All the steroid hormone receptors share a similar organization of domains

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Dellel Rezgui
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Christopher Williams Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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Sharon A Savage Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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Stuart N Prince
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Oliver J Zaccheo
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E Yvonne Jones Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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Matthew P Crump Cancer Research UK Tumour Growth Control Group, Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

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A Bassim Hassan
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risk of colorectal cancer ( Cui et al . 2003 , Ito et al . 2008 ). Observational data have also correlated blood concentrations of IGF2 and soluble IGF2R with human birth weight and adult height, suggesting that relative supply of ligand and receptor

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T Traboulsi Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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M El Ezzy Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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J L Gleason Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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S Mader Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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cardiovascular and central nervous systems. ERs are also implicated in related pathologies such as breast and uterine cancers, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases ( Nilsson et al . 2001 , Deroo & Korach 2006 , Jia et al . 2015 ). Their roles in cancer

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Yan Zheng Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Kevin D Houston Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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(AMPK) mediates the induction of multiple genes via activation of several transcription factors ( Canto & Auwerx 2010 ). Of interest in breast cancer cells, D-glucose deprivation enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen ( Ambrosio et

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Caroline M Gorvin Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) & Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Paul J Newey Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (MCM), University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Dundee, UK

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Rajesh V Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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mice promotes cellular proliferation, enhances differentiation, and delays postlactational apoptosis . Molecular Cancer Research 1 32 – 47 . (available at: https://aacrjournals.org/mcr/article/1/1/32/232305/Overexpression

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