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Karine Rizzoti Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK

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border of the neural plate. These involve fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling inducing neural fate, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and wingless-related integration site (WNT) activities inducing future epidermal identity in non-neural ectoderm

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Ying Ying School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Huazhang Zhu School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Zhen Liang School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Xiaosong Ma School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Shiwei Li School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remain incompletely clarified. Wnt and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathways converge through beta-catenin (b-catenin)-mediated regulation of cell survival/apoptosis in different cell types

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Dorka Nagy Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Hannah Maude Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Graeme M Birdsey National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Anna M Randi National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Inês Cebola Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK

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and nutrients are exported into the LSECs and liver parenchyma, while metabolism products and other cell exports enter the blood ( Fig. 1 ). This structure creates a gradient of oxygen, nutrients, and signalling molecules including Wnt morphogens, a

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Yasmine Hachemi Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Anna E Rapp Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany

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Ann-Kristin Picke Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Gilbert Weidinger Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Anita Ignatius Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany

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Jan Tuckermann Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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(OCN), and Wnt ligands (7b, 10b) and a simultaneous increase in expression of Wnt signalling inhibitors, including sclerostin (SCL), dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and Wnt-inhibitory factor (WIF1), as well as the adipogenic markers peroxisome proliferator

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M H Abel
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D Baban
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S Lee
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H M Charlton
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P J O'Shaughnessy Department of Physiology, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK

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interactor 2 13.3 Aqp5 Aquaporin 5 5.03 Pdgfc Platelet-derived growth factor C 12.1 Wif1 Wnt inhibitory factor 1 4.55 Transcribed locus b 11.0 Fabp5 Fatty acid binding protein 5, epidermal 4.53 Bcan Brevican 6.6 Tubb3 Tubulin, β 3 4.46 Rgs11 Regulator of G

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Elizabeth M Pritchett Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA

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Susan J Lamont Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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Carl J Schmidt Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA

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transduction ADORA1, ARHGEF4, CHRDL1, CNTN1, COL9A3, EGF, ERBB4, FZD10, GFAP, GNAO1, GPR17, GREM2, GRM3, GRM7, GRPR, HRH3, NPBWR1, NRG3, NTRK2, PDE4A, PDE8B, RAMP1, WNT11, WNT6, WNT7B Neuronal system CACNG4, CHRNA4, GABRA3, GRIA4, GRIK2, GRIK3, KCNK2

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Ruifeng Shi Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Jing Cen Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Gunilla T Westermark Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Sheng Zhao Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Nils Welsh Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Zilin Sun Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Joey Lau Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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. One recent study carried out in mouse focusing on osteogenesis has identified that ITGA11 is an osteolectin receptor, and the Wnt pathway could be activated by the binding of osteolectin to the ITGA11 ( Shen et al. 2019 ). The expression of ITGA11

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Erik Elebring Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna Casselbrant Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sara M T Persson Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lars Fändriks Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ville Wallenius Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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. Isolated crypts were seeded, embedded in Matrigel (Corning) in 24-well plates and cultured with Wnt3A-supplemented expansion media (IntestiCult Organoid Growth Media (STEMCELLS, Vancouver, Canada) with 10 μM Y-27632 (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.1% gentamycin

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Yali Ling National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Feng Xu National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Xuedi Xia National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Dexing Dai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Ruoman Sun National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Zhongjian Xie National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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-cytokines/lymphocyte enhancers (TCF/LEF) transcriptional activity to activate the Wnt signaling pathway. Further studies are required to determine the molecule mechanism by which VDR interacts with E-cadherin and β-catenin and the relationship between VDR and β-catenin/Wnt

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L B James-Allan Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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G S Whitley Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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K Leslie Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK
Fetal Medicine Unit, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK

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A E Wallace Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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J E Cartwright Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK

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decidualisation, including LEFTY2, a NODAL signalling pathway inhibitor, which is highly expressed by decidualising cells, the key transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EPB) and secreted products, such as Wnt5a, Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) and prokinectin

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