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Ross S Thomas Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Naveed Sarwar Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Fladia Phoenix Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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R Charles Coombes Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Simak Ali Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Introduction Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors, and is required for development and maintenance of the female and male reproductive systems, bone, and

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Hyon-Seung Yi Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea

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Joon Young Chang Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea

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Minho Shong Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea

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mitochondrial membrane, in beta cells triggers progressive failure of insulin secretion and cellular proliferation ( Kim et al . 2015 ). Beta-cell-specific knockout of Tfam , a transcription factor of mtDNA-encoded OxPhos polypeptides, promotes hyperglycemia

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S Das Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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I Sepahi Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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A Duthie Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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S Clark Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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J C Crockett Bone and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK

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purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, unless stated otherwise. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases design Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) constructs were custom-designed by Dundee Cell Products Ltd, Dundee, UK, against mouse RANK

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H H Farman Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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J Wu Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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K L Gustafsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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S H Windahl Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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S H Kim Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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J A Katzenellenbogen Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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C Ohlsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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M K Lagerquist Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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. Genomic, or nuclear, signaling pathways involve (i) classical signaling, where ERs translocate as a dimer into the nucleus after ligand binding and the dimer subsequently functions as a transcription factor regulating genes with an estrogen

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Ying Ying School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Huazhang Zhu School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Zhen Liang School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Xiaosong Ma School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Shiwei Li School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in survival/anti-apoptosis. We thus investigated whether palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis involved in inactivation of b-catenin signalling. Fluorescence images clearly showed that cells treated with

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Hsien-Ming Wu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Liang-Hsuan Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Wei-Jung Chiu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Chia-Lung Tsai Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Transcription Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Quantitative PCR was performed using TaqMan™ MicroRNA assay in Applied Biosystems™ QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR System. All TaqMan™ MicroRNA assays (hsa-miR-138-5P: 0022084; U6 snRNA: 001973) were

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Carolin Lisa Michaela Ludwig Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Simon Bohleber Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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Alexander Rebl Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Eva Katrin Wirth Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Marzia Tindara Venuto Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Martina Langhammer Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Service Group Model Laboratory Animals, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Ulrich Schweizer Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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Joachim M Weitzel Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Marten Michaelis Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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was analyzed on both transcriptional ( Fig. 4A and B ) and protein levels ( Fig. 5A and B ). Overall, we found a significant reduction in FSH protein and transcript levels in FL1 mice compared to ctrl mice. FSH concentrations were significantly

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M H Abel
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D Baban
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S Lee
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H M Charlton
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P J O'Shaughnessy Department of Physiology, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK

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, transferrin, doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor1 (DMRT), androgen-binding protein and inducible cAMP early repressor ( Morris et al . 1988 , Verhoeven & Cailleau 1988 , Skinner et al . 1989 , Monaco et al . 1995 , Chen & Heckert 2001 ). In

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Erik Elebring Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna Casselbrant Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sara M T Persson Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lars Fändriks Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ville Wallenius Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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15), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), diacylglycerol kinase epsilon (DGKε) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)), along with kinases AKT and ERK1/2 and receptor FFAR3 were further studied using Western blot analysis. The

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Hasnat Ali Abid Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Asuka Inoue Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Caroline M Gorvin Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK

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et al. 1997 , Brown & MacLeod 2001 , Hofer & Brown 2003 , Huang et al. 2004 ). However, these studies are largely based on measurements of second messengers or changes in gene transcription, which can only indicate the G protein subfamily and

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