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Introduction Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors, and is required for development and maintenance of the female and male reproductive systems, bone, and
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Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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mitochondrial membrane, in beta cells triggers progressive failure of insulin secretion and cellular proliferation ( Kim et al . 2015 ). Beta-cell-specific knockout of Tfam , a transcription factor of mtDNA-encoded OxPhos polypeptides, promotes hyperglycemia
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purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, unless stated otherwise. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases design Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) constructs were custom-designed by Dundee Cell Products Ltd, Dundee, UK, against mouse RANK
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. Genomic, or nuclear, signaling pathways involve (i) classical signaling, where ERs translocate as a dimer into the nucleus after ligand binding and the dimer subsequently functions as a transcription factor regulating genes with an estrogen
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School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in survival/anti-apoptosis. We thus investigated whether palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis involved in inactivation of b-catenin signalling. Fluorescence images clearly showed that cells treated with
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Transcription Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Quantitative PCR was performed using TaqMan™ MicroRNA assay in Applied Biosystems™ QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR System. All TaqMan™ MicroRNA assays (hsa-miR-138-5P: 0022084; U6 snRNA: 001973) were
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DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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was analyzed on both transcriptional ( Fig. 4A and B ) and protein levels ( Fig. 5A and B ). Overall, we found a significant reduction in FSH protein and transcript levels in FL1 mice compared to ctrl mice. FSH concentrations were significantly
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, transferrin, doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor1 (DMRT), androgen-binding protein and inducible cAMP early repressor ( Morris et al . 1988 , Verhoeven & Cailleau 1988 , Skinner et al . 1989 , Monaco et al . 1995 , Chen & Heckert 2001 ). In
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Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), diacylglycerol kinase epsilon (DGKε) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)), along with kinases AKT and ERK1/2 and receptor FFAR3 were further studied using Western blot analysis. The
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Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
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et al. 1997 , Brown & MacLeod 2001 , Hofer & Brown 2003 , Huang et al. 2004 ). However, these studies are largely based on measurements of second messengers or changes in gene transcription, which can only indicate the G protein subfamily and