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Yan Zheng Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Kevin D Houston Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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conformational change of this transcription factor, subsequent association with estrogen response elements (ERE) within the promoters of target genes thus promoting gene transcription ( Klinge 2001 ). More recently, non-classical mechanisms of estrogen signaling

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Irit Hochberg Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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Innocence Harvey Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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Quynh T Tran Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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Erin J Stephenson Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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Ariel L Barkan Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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Alan R Saltiel Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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William F Chandler Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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Dave Bridges Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
Institute of Endocrinology, Life Science Institute, Physiology, Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

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lipogenesis ( Divertie et al . 1991 , Samra et al . 1998 , Kršek et al . 2006 , Campbell et al . 2011 ). Glucocorticoids, through binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, exert transcriptional induction and repression of numerous genes ( Reddy et al

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Ruifeng Shi Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Jing Cen Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Gunilla T Westermark Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Sheng Zhao Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Nils Welsh Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Zilin Sun Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Joey Lau Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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control GAPDH and calculated with the 2 –△△Ct method. Results are means ±  s.e.m. of n  = 4–8 independent experiments from EndoC-βH1 cells. * indicates P < 0.05. Exogenous rhCLEC11A increases the expression levels of transcription

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Miguel Beato Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain

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Roni H G Wright Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain

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François Le Dily Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain

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mechanisms that enable the PR to access DNA sequences on chromatin and to modulate the transcriptional rate of subsets of hormone responsive genes. Before going into the more recent results obtained with genome-wide approaches, we will summarize as a

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Cristina L Esteves
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Val Kelly
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Valérie Bégay Endocrinology Unit, Max Delbrüeck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Simon G Lillico Endocrinology Unit, Max Delbrüeck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Achim Leutz Endocrinology Unit, Max Delbrüeck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Jonathan R Seckl
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Karen E Chapman
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obesity-related disorders. However, introduction of nucleic acids and, consequently, the manipulation of genes in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes are difficult to achieve. pSLIK plasmids, encoding a tetracycline-regulated transcriptional unit in a

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Kate E Lines Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK

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Anna K Gluck Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK

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Supat Thongjuea Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Chas Bountra Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Rajesh V Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK

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Caroline M Gorvin Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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transcription start site (TSS) quality checks. BigWig files were generated using the ‘bamCoverage’ function from deepTools2 software ( Ramirez et al. 2016 ). The reads per genomic content (RPGC) (1× normalisation) approach was used for the coverage

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Irina G Bogdarina Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Peter J King Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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Adrian J L Clark Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

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from Affinity BioReagents (Cambridge, UK) and anti-SP1 rabbit polyclonal antibody (2873-24) – a gift from Prof Steve Jackson, Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK. Results Promoter mapping The start site of transcription of the rat Agtr1b gene was

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Fraydoon Rastinejad Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Target Discovery Institute (NDM RB), Oxford, UK

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their functional outputs as transcriptional regulators. The first RAR or RXR domain whose structures were reported were the isolated RARb DBD and RXRα DBD ( Knegtel et al. 1993 , Lee et al. 1994 ). Those NMR structures confirmed that RAR and RXR

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Eugenia Mata-Greenwood Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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P Naomi Jackson Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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William J Pearce Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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Lubo Zhang Divisions of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Perinatal Biology, Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Room A572, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

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regulates transcription and stability of target genes. GRβ is localized in the nucleus and has a dominant negative effect on GRα through the formation of GRα/GRβ heterodimers. GRP has been reported to have both synergistic and antagonistic effects on GRα

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Silvia Ottaviani
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Greg N Brooke Department of Surgery and Cancer, School of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London W12 0NN, UK

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Ciara O'Hanlon-Brown
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Jonathan Waxman
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Simak Ali
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Laki Buluwela
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the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors ( Brinkmann et al . 1999 , Lu et al . 2006 , Dehm & Tindall 2007 ). Following androgen binding, AR dissociates from heat-shock proteins and translocates to the nucleus where

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