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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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unique ‘initiator’ motif, from which transcription is initiated in vivo , and which acts in concert with upstream Sp1 sites ( Werner et al. 1992 , Beitner-Johnson et al. 1995 ). The region flanking the transcription start site is extremely G-C rich
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Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal and Child Health, CHUQ Research Centre, CHUL Room T1-49, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
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regulated by LH-mediated activation of cAMP-dependent pathways ultimately leading to transcriptional activation ( Ascoli et al . 2002 ). Several transcription factors including NR5A1 (SF1), GATA4, CEBPB, SREBF1, SP1, CREB1/CREM, FOS/JUN, and NR4A1 have been
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Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Introduction The estrogen receptor (ER) and other steroid hormone receptors are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors that are characterized by their common modular structure and similar ligand
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causes hypoadrenocorticism with marked attenuation of corticosterone responses to stressful stimuli ( Muglia et al. 1995 , Venihaki & Majzoub 1999 ). Therefore, it is important to clarify the transcriptional regulation of the CRH gene for a better
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In search of potential androgen receptor coregulators we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain as bait and a human prostate cDNA library as prey and found that the carboxy-terminal domain of retinoblastoma-associated Kruppel protein (RbaK), a member of the Kruppel zinc finger protein family, interacts in a ligand-dependent way with the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor. RBaK was recently identified as a transcriptional regulator that interacts with the retinoblastoma protein and thereby influences E2F regulated transcription. The interaction of RBaK with the androgen receptor was further documented using mammalian two-hybrid experiments, in vitro binding studies and coimmunoprecipitation. Finally, we demonstrated that both RBaK and the retinoblastoma protein coactivate androgen receptor-mediated transcription in cotransfection experiments. In conclusion, our data show that RBaK interacts with the androgen receptor and increases its transcriptional activity. Moreover, the double interaction of RBaK with the retinoblastoma protein and with the androgen receptor provides a novel link between the androgen receptor and the regulation of the cell cycle.
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differential transcription of the Agtr1 gene ( Hannan et al . 2004 , Tower et al . 2010 , Braga 2011 ). Changes in Agtr1 transcription also occur under pathophysiological conditions, such as damaged cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction ( Sun
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, the main site of MC2-R expression outside the adrenal gland is the murine adipocyte ( Cammas et al. 1997 ) where expression is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and transcription of the MC2-R gene is induced within
Urology and Preventive Medicine, and
Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Urology and Preventive Medicine, and
Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Urology and Preventive Medicine, and
Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Urology and Preventive Medicine, and
Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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signal cascades, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus-activated kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), and protein kinase A (PKA) ( Culig et al. 1994 , Nazareth & Weigel 1996 , Reinikainen et al
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To characterize further vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as the prolactin-releasing factor in avian species, the present study examined hypothalamic VIP transcription and plasma prolactin (PRL) levels during the turkey reproductive cycle. The contribution of transcription to hypothalamic VIP mRNA steady-state levels and VIP content in response to gonadal stimulating photoperiod was also investigated. Nuclear run-on transcription assays were performed using nuclei isolated from hypothalami. Cytoplasmic VIP mRNA levels, and VIP content in the median eminence and plasma PRL levels were determined by Northern blot analysis and radioimmunoassays respectively. The alterations in VIP transcription mirrored the changes in cytoplasmic VIP mRNA and VIP content during the reproductive stages. VIP transcription, cytoplasmic VIP mRNA level and VIP content were lowest in non-photostimulated birds, higher (P<0.05) in laying hens, and greatest (P<0.05) in incubating birds. These increases paralleled the changes in circulating plasma PRL levels. Changes in VIP transcription (P>0.05) were not observed during the transition from incubation to photorefractoriness, even though there was a sharp decline in circulating plasma PRL levels (P<0.05). Following photostimulation, VIP transcription, cytoplasmic VIP mRNA levels, and VIP content increased as the hens progressed towards sexual maturity (P<0.05), and these increases were correlated with an increased plasma PRL level. These results suggest that VIP is regulated in large part at the transcriptional level during the turkey reproductive cycle and that this transcriptional regulation is coupled to the photo-induced increase in PRL secretion.
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Introduction Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family ( Landschulz et al. 1988 , Ziff EB 1990 ), which includes other factors
