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. 2017 , Szabó et al . 2022 ). Reports have demonstrated that Icariside II enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and prevents ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss ( Ming et al . 2013 , Liu et al . 2017
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Introduction Sex determination and sexual differentiation Determination of female or male phenotype in mammals is under strict genetic control, which directs the development of ovaries or testes ( Graves 1994
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frequent in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC; Garcia-Rostan et al . 2003 , Riesco-Eizaguirre & Santisteban 2007 , Volante et al . 2009 ). However, the distinct gene expression profile differences between PTC and PDTC are related to the grade
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basis of experimental design. The replanted cells were cultured with growth medium until re-reach confluence, and incubated with brown adipocytes differentiation cocktail, including 6 µg/mL insulin, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (Sigma), 1 µM
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Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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suppressing osteoclast differentiation and function ( Dewar et al . 2005 , 2006 ). Conversely, imatinib is thought to stimulate osteogenesis by inhibiting PDGFR signalling in pluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs; Fierro et al . 2007 , Fitter et al
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Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
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both sides of the membrane until confluent. When confluent, differentiation was achieved using the air–liquid interface (ALI) technique. With the ALI technique, differentiation medium (IntestiCult Organoid Differentiation Media (STEMCELLS) with 10 μM Y
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affect both ER selectivity and gene expression pathways responsible for cell growth and differentiation. The potential of the three E 2 analogs studied here for treating human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer, supports the viability of
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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been studied because of its key role in adipocyte differentiation, where it acts as a master controller of the ‘thrifty gene response’ ( Auwerx 1999 , Rosen & Spiegelman 2001 ), but it has many additional functions ( Debril et al. 2001 ). PPARγ
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(Sigma). Differentiation was initiated 24 h after confluence by incubation for 2 days in a culture medium containing 0.25 μM dexamethasone (Dex), 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and 5 μg/ml insulin (Sigma). This was followed by maintenance in feeding
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morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) signaling pathway is composed of BMP-2, receptors and signal transducers, and a variety of cytokines, which promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone extracellular matrix synthesis and secretion and then affects bone metabolism