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Dong Li Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Chenhao Cao Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zhuofan Li Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zhiyong Chang Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Ping Cai Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Chenxi Zhou Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Jun Liu Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Kaihua Li Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Bin Du Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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. 2017 , Szabó et al . 2022 ). Reports have demonstrated that Icariside II enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and prevents ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss ( Ming et al . 2013 , Liu et al . 2017

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Edward F Orlando
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Yoshinao Katsu
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Shinichi Miyagawa
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Taisen Iguchi
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Introduction Sex determination and sexual differentiation Determination of female or male phenotype in mammals is under strict genetic control, which directs the development of ovaries or testes ( Graves 1994

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Dagmara Rusinek Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska‐Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland

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Sylwia Szpak-Ulczok Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska‐Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland

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Barbara Jarzab Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska‐Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland

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frequent in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC; Garcia-Rostan et al . 2003 , Riesco-Eizaguirre & Santisteban 2007 , Volante et al . 2009 ). However, the distinct gene expression profile differences between PTC and PDTC are related to the grade

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Yingkai Sun Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Rui Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Shaoqian Zhao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Wen Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Wen Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Lingyun Tang State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China

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Zhugang Wang State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China

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Weiqing Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Ruixin Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Guang Ning Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Jiqiu Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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Jie Hong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China

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basis of experimental design. The replanted cells were cultured with growth medium until re-reach confluence, and incubated with brown adipocytes differentiation cocktail, including 6 µg/mL insulin, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (Sigma), 1 µM

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Stephen Fitter Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia

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Kate Vandyke Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia

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Stan Gronthos Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia

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Andrew C W Zannettino Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
Myeloma Research Laboratory, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Robinson Institute, Bone and Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, GPO Box 14, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia

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suppressing osteoclast differentiation and function ( Dewar et al . 2005 , 2006 ). Conversely, imatinib is thought to stimulate osteogenesis by inhibiting PDGFR signalling in pluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs; Fierro et al . 2007 , Fitter et al

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Erik Elebring Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna Casselbrant Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sara M T Persson Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lars Fändriks Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ville Wallenius Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden

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both sides of the membrane until confluent. When confluent, differentiation was achieved using the air–liquid interface (ALI) technique. With the ALI technique, differentiation medium (IntestiCult Organoid Differentiation Media (STEMCELLS) with 10 μM Y

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James G Yarger
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Robert E Babine ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Michael Bittner ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Erin Shanle ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Wei Xu ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Pamela Hershberger ENDECE, Rebexsess Discovery Chemistry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, LLC, 1001 West Glen Oaks Lane, Suite 105B, Mequon, Wisconsin 53092, USA

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Steven H Nye
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affect both ER selectivity and gene expression pathways responsible for cell growth and differentiation. The potential of the three E 2 analogs studied here for treating human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer, supports the viability of

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M-B Debril Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS / INSERM / ULP, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

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L Dubuquoy Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS / INSERM / ULP, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

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J-N Feige Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS / INSERM / ULP, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

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W Wahli Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS / INSERM / ULP, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

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B Desvergne Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS / INSERM / ULP, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

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J Auwerx Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS / INSERM / ULP, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

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L Gelman Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS / INSERM / ULP, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Center for Integrative Genomics, NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

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been studied because of its key role in adipocyte differentiation, where it acts as a master controller of the ‘thrifty gene response’ ( Auwerx 1999 , Rosen & Spiegelman 2001 ), but it has many additional functions ( Debril et al. 2001 ). PPARγ

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N Hoggard
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M Cruickshank
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K M Moar
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P Barrett
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S Bashir
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J D B Miller Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity (ACERO), University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland AB21 9SB, UK

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(Sigma). Differentiation was initiated 24 h after confluence by incubation for 2 days in a culture medium containing 0.25 μM dexamethasone (Dex), 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and 5 μg/ml insulin (Sigma). This was followed by maintenance in feeding

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Meng Wang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Hong Sung Min Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Haojie Shan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Yiwei Lin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Wenyang Xia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Fuli Yin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Chaolai Jiang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Xiaowei Yu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) signaling pathway is composed of BMP-2, receptors and signal transducers, and a variety of cytokines, which promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone extracellular matrix synthesis and secretion and then affects bone metabolism

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