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Paul A Foster Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Jonathan Wolf Mueller Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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, steroid disulfates and 11-oxo-androgens. Vitamin D 25-Hydroxy-vitamin D3-3-sulfate (25-OH-D3-S) is a major metabolite of vitamin D3 found in the systemic circulation ( Axelson 1985 ). As circulating concentrations of 25OH-D3-3-O-sulfate seem not to

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Simona Mencej-Bedrač
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Janez Preželj Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Tomaž Kocjan Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Karmen Teskač Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Barbara Ostanek
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Mojca Šmelcer
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Janja Marc
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-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) plays a central role in skeletal metabolism by binding to its nuclear steroid receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR). 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 can stimulate bone formation and resorption, regulating bone turnover by acting on both

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Marcel J M Schaaf Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

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. 2014 ). The zebrafish retinoic acid receptors (RARs) Retinoic acid (RA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A. The importance of vitamin A in embryonic development has been recognized since ancient times, even though its molecular identity was

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Yuichiro Takei Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-Cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan

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Hironori Yamamoto Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-Cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan

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Masashi Masuda Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-Cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan

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Tadatoshi Sato Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-Cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan

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Yutaka Taketani Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-Cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan

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Eiji Takeda Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-Cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan

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explain the discrepancy between the previous reports showing that vitamin D enhanced ( Yahata et al . 2003 ) or suppressed renal Stc2 gene expression ( Honda et al . 1999 ). In conclusion, we have identified a novel STC2 amino acid sequence in opossum

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A Pestka
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B Toth Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology–Innenstadt, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany

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C Kuhn
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S Hofmann
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I Wiest
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G Wypior
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K Friese
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U Jeschke
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heterodimeric complex has been formed with RXR, the complex binds to specific response elements in the promoter region of target genes ( Guibourdenche et al . 2000 ). Heterodimeric partners of RXR include the retinoid A receptor (RARα, β, γ), vitamin D receptor

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Laurent Beck INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France

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Sarah Beck-Cormier INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France

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toxicity. Serum Pi concentrations are maintained within a narrow range mainly due to the coordinated action of PTH, FGF23 and vitamin D. While significant progress has been made in understanding the regulation of Pi homeostasis over the last 25 years, the

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Shaoqian Zhao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Wen Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jiqiu Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Juan Shi Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingkai Sun Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Weiqing Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Guang Ning Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China

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Ruixin Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jie Hong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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872 – 883 . ( doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307142 ) Belzer C de Vos WM 2012 Microbes inside – from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia . ISME Journal 6 1449 – 1458 . ( doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.6 ) Bendich A 1988 Vitamin E

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Yanning Li Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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Yan Zhong Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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Wenjian Gong Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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Xuehan Gao Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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Huanli Qi Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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Kun Liu Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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Jinsheng Qi Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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Introduction Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a serious microvascular complication of diabetes, remains the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease ( Fan et al. 2017 , Flyvbjerg 2017 ). Excess extracellular matrix (ECM

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Rene Cortese Epigenomics AG Berlin, Kleine Präsidentenstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Fleischmannstrasse 42/44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
University Children’s Hospital, Department of Perinatology: Gerhard-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany

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Florian Eckhardt Epigenomics AG Berlin, Kleine Präsidentenstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Fleischmannstrasse 42/44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
University Children’s Hospital, Department of Perinatology: Gerhard-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany

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Marianne Volleth Epigenomics AG Berlin, Kleine Präsidentenstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Fleischmannstrasse 42/44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
University Children’s Hospital, Department of Perinatology: Gerhard-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany

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Manfred Wehnert Epigenomics AG Berlin, Kleine Präsidentenstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Fleischmannstrasse 42/44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
University Children’s Hospital, Department of Perinatology: Gerhard-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany

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Uwe Koelsch Epigenomics AG Berlin, Kleine Präsidentenstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Fleischmannstrasse 42/44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
University Children’s Hospital, Department of Perinatology: Gerhard-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany

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Peter Wieacker Epigenomics AG Berlin, Kleine Präsidentenstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Fleischmannstrasse 42/44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
University Children’s Hospital, Department of Perinatology: Gerhard-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany

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Thomas Brune Epigenomics AG Berlin, Kleine Präsidentenstr. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Fleischmannstrasse 42/44, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
University Children’s Hospital, Department of Perinatology: Gerhard-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany

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an intracellular protein involved in the transmission of the vitamin A-derived signal, which regulates genes responsible for lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation ( Carr et al. 1998 ). Although the phenotypes of HAART

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Albane le Maire CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France

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Martial Rey Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France

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Valérie Vivat IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Illkirch, France

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Laura Guée CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France

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Pauline Blanc CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France

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Christian Malosse Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France

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Julia Chamot-Rooke Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France

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Pierre Germain CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France

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William Bourguet CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France

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parts of the brain. By virtue of their ability to form heterodimers with other NRs such as retinoic acid (RARs), thyroid hormone (TRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs), or vitamin D3 receptors, RXRs control a variety of pathophysiological

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