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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Haartmaninkatu, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu, Turku, Finland
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Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu, Turku, Finland
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Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Genetic variants in the insulin signalling pathway contribute to increased risk for type 2 diabetes ( Manning et al. 2012 , 2017 ). One example of an insulin resistance-associated gene is a missense variant p.P50T of AKT2
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Introduction The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine–threonine kinases plays important roles in many intracellular signaling events, cell growth, and differentiation ( Nishizuka 1988 , 1989 , 1992 ). It is generally accepted that the enzymes
Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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-dependent signalling mechanism ( de Vries et al . 2014 , Wittmann et al . 2014 ), and long-day photoperiods, which are caused by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of pars tuberalis origin ( Hanon et al . 2008 , Nakao et al . 2008 , Ono et al . 2008 , Helfer
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ERRα acts as an inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation in vitro ( Teyssier et al . 2009 ). The Wnt pathway is another important player in bone development (reviewed in Bodine & Komm (2006) ). During canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Wnt ligands
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& Melmed 2017 ). Secretion of GH is positively modulated by GH releasing hormone (GHRH), ghrelin, and negatively by somatostatin. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is a key mediator of GH actions. Compromised GH/IGF-1 signalling is associated with several
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) & Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (MCM), University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Dundee, UK
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Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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potentially, simultaneous interaction with multiple signalling kinases ( Haxholm et al. 2015 , Bugge et al. 2016 ). Hormone binding to the ECD activates conformational changes within the TMD and ICD, allowing separation of the ICDs and initiating
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, which phosphorylates GHR on multiple intracellular tyrosine residues ( Brooks & Waters 2010 , Sedek et al . 2014 ). These residues become anchoring sites for several signaling mediators, among which signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b
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/CRHR1 signaling in corticotrope cells ( Paez-Pereda et al . 2001 ) and induces BMP4, which participates in the antiproliferative effects of RA ( Giacomini et al . 2006 ). Moreover, treatment of dogs with ACTH-secreting tumors with RA controls
Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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( Thomas et al . 2006 , Gurzov & Eizirik 2011 , Moore et al . 2011 ). Pro-apoptotic gene expression occurs by cytokine-stimulated cell signalling cascades that activate a variety of kinases and transcription factors, predominantly by phosphorylation
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Departments of Internal Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
Departments of Internal Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
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Departments of Internal Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
Departments of Internal Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
Departments of Internal Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
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. 2007 ). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 1,25-D 3 promotes myocardiac cell differentiation through inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway and to determine the associated molecular mechanism(s) in a well-known and widely used heart