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Rachel C Quilang Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Sylvia Lui Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
St. Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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Karen Forbes Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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elective medical or surgical termination of pregnancy during the first trimester (8–12 weeks) of pregnancy. Term placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies (37–42 weeks) were collected within 30 min of vaginal or elective caesarean delivery (Supplementary

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Xiaojing Wei Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China

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Yutian Tan Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China

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Jiaqi Huang Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Ximing Dong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China

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Weijie Feng Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China

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Tanglin Liu Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China

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Zhao Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China

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Guiying Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China

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Xiao Luo Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China

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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication in the context of the global obesity epidemic ( Wang et al. 2022 ). GDM begets various adverse perinatal outcomes and increases the long-term risks of

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Caterina Mancarella Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy

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Katia Scotlandi Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy

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with functions that can be influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes. Interestingly, mutations in metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), one of the proteases believed to increase the local bioavailability of IGFs by

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S Bauersachs Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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S E Ulbrich Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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K Gross Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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S E M Schmidt Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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H H D Meyer Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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R Einspanier Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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H Wenigerkind Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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M Vermehren Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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H Blum Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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F Sinowatz Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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E Wolf Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Physiology-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bavarian Research Centre for Biology of Reproduction, Oberschleissheim, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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, implantation and pregnancy ( Godkin & Dore 1998 , Tabibzadeh 2002 ). Furthermore, the induction of TGF-β mRNAs and proteins by oestrogen has been shown in epithelial cells of the mouse endometrium ( Nelson et al. 1992 ). This fits very well with the results

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Douglas A Gibson MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK

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Paul A Foster Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

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Ioannis Simitsidellis MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK

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Hilary O D Critchley MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK

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Olympia Kelepouri MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK

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Frances Collins MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK

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Introduction Decidualisation is a fundamental process of endometrial remodelling that is required for the establishment of pregnancy. It is associated with unique time-dependent transcriptomic and proteomic changes (reviewed in Gellersen

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Jarrod Bailey School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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G Nicholas Europe-Finner School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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myometrial stromal cells during pregnancy, although the major source in the myometrium is thought to be macrophages and other leukocytes ( Yelavarthi et al. 1991 , Tabibzadeh et al. 1994 , Young et al. 2002 ). It stimulates the production of

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Randal C Jaffe Departments of Physiology and Biophysics,
Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Susan D Ferguson-Gottschall Departments of Physiology and Biophysics,
Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Weihua Gao Departments of Physiology and Biophysics,
Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Craig Beam Departments of Physiology and Biophysics,
Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Asgerally T Fazleabas Departments of Physiology and Biophysics,
Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Introduction Glycodelin, a 28 kDa glycoprotein, is the most abundant secretory product of the human uterine glandular epithelial cells during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy ( Bell et al. 1985 ). In

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Nirvay Sah Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Francesca Soncin Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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trophoblast differentiation into mature cells both in successful and diseased pregnancy. Recent literature has covered the transcription factors networks sustaining trophoblast cell identity ( Papuchova & Latos 2022 ). In this review, we will present

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Renjini A Padmanabhan Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

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Damodaranpillai P Zyju Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

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Anand G Subramaniam Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

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Jaya Nautiyal Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK

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Malini Laloraya Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

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activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and ERα in the nucleus during the late pre-implantation stage of pregnancy. We provide evidence that SOS1 is a coactivator of STAT3 on account of the presence of acetyl CoA binding motifs and a repressor of ERα by virtue

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Qi Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA

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Wen Xuan Wu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA

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Introduction There is abundant in vivo and in vitro evidence that progesterone and estrogen are key factors in regulating myometrial contractility associated with the maintenance of pregnancy and the onset of labor across species

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