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Anne Wulf Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

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Marianne G Wetzel Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

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Maxim Kebenko Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

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Meike Kröger Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

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Angelika Harneit Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

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Jennifer Merz Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

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Joachim M Weitzel Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Department of Reproductive Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

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retinoid X receptor (RXR). The TR interacts with cofactors that mediate the T 3 signaling to the basal transcriptional machinery and activates or represses gene transcription ( Zhang & Lazar 2000 ). Gene expression analysis indicated that the majority of T

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Pankaj Lamba Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council and The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Michelle M Santos Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council and The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Daniel P Philips Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council and The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Daniel J Bernard Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council and The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA

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. Indeed, changes in hormonal milieu (e.g. declines in serum inhibins and intra-pituitary follistatins) following the primary surge provide a permissive environment for locally produced activins to rapidly stimulate increases in Fshb transcription and

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Haruo Nogami Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1–1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan

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Yoshiki Hiraoka Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1–1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan

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Kiyomoto Ogasawara Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1–1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan

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Sadakazu Aiso Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1–1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan

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Setsuji Hisano Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1–1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan

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-specific manner ( Truss & Beato 1993 ). Ligand-activated GRs bind to the specific DNA element, the glucocorticoid response element (GRE), to induce a transcription of the target gene ( Becker et al. 1986 ). Glucocorticoid responsive genes, in general, contain

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Pui-Sin Man School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK

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Timothy Wells School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK

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David A Carter School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK

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important molecular regulator in the adult pituitary is the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, early growth response factor 1 (EGR1), that is expressed as a 75 kDa nuclear protein in the rat anterior pituitary ( Tremblay & Drouin 1999 , Wolfe & Call

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Carlos Gaspar Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Jonás I Silva-Marrero Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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María C Salgado Servei de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain

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Isabel V Baanante Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Isidoro Metón Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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( Figueiredo-Silva et al. 2010 ), while it increases in Oncorhynchus mykiss ( Moyano et al. 1991 ). Little is known about transcriptional regulation of Gdh expression in vertebrates. In silico analysis allowed detection of potential binding sites for

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Lorraine J Gudas Department of Pharmacology, and Revlon Pharmaceutical Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, and the Meyer Cancer Center of Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA

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as either repressors or activators of gene transcription ( Fig. 1 ). They possess both a ligand binding domain and a DNA binding domain. The endogenously produced ligand, RA, induces a ‘molecular switch’ that involves changing the regulatory proteins

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Dorka Nagy Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Hannah Maude Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Graeme M Birdsey National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Anna M Randi National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Inês Cebola Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK

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tissue (~80% of its mass) has made it difficult to assess and analyse LSEC-specific aspects of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and transcription factor (TF) occupancy using bulk liver tissue. With advances in cell isolation techniques and single

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Susanne Arnold Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany

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Gilda Wright de Araújo Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany

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Cordian Beyer Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany

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fission for neurodegeneration, we studied the effect of E and P on the transcription level of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes in cortical astrocytes in vitro . Astrocytes were chosen since they are the outstanding cell type in the CNS supporting

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M C Salgado Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

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I Metón Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

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M Egea Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

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I V Baanante Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

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HepG2 cells, repression of G6pc transcription by insulin requires two regions in the proximal promoter, designated A and B. Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1 binds to region A, and enhances the effect of insulin ( Streeper et al. 1998 ). Recently

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Talitha van der Meulen Department of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences

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Mark O Huising Department of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences
Department of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences

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, Unger & Cherrington 2012 ). Despite their opposing roles in the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium of blood glucose levels, α and β cells are derived from a common progenitor. They continue to share expression of many transcription factors and genes

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