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División Endocrinología, Hospital General de Agudos ‘Carlos G. Durand’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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regulation that involves the binding to nuclear RA receptors, which interact with specific regions in the DNA ( Das et al. 2014 ) and are divided in two classes: RA receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Three isoforms were described for RAR
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dictate the preferential binding to different NRs, with most N-terminal of the RIDs (N3 in NCoR and S3 in SMRT) having the highest avidity for TR, while S2 has demonstrated preference for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) ( Cohen et al. 2001 , Cohen et
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al. 1994 ), but also for nuclear receptors, since a single COUP-TF gene (instead of the two in mammals) and a single RAR gene (ortholog of the three mammalian RARs) have been reported in this species ( Langlois et al. 2000 , Escriva et al. 2002
AG Experimentelle & Chirurgische Onkologie, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Martin-Luther Universität, Magdeburger Strasse 18, 06097 Halle/S., Germany
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AG Experimentelle & Chirurgische Onkologie, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Martin-Luther Universität, Magdeburger Strasse 18, 06097 Halle/S., Germany
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, Biesalski & Nohr 2003 , Buletic et al . 2006 ). The pleiotropic effects of retinoids are mediated by a nuclear heterodimeric pair of retinoid receptors (RAR/RXR). Retinoid-activated RAR/RXR heterodimers mediate the transcription of specific gene networks
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–protein interaction surface ( Collins et al. 2019 ). Table 1 WD40 proteins associated with hormone signaling. WD40 protein Nuclear receptor or transcription factor Function Species Reference Co-repressor TBL1X TR/RXR/ER/RAR
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Introduction A subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily that includes the receptors for thyroid hormone (TRs), retinoic acid (RARs), and vitamin D are known to form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXR) to modulate the transcription of
Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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-binding protein-2 (CRABP-2) and the nuclear receptors, RAR and RXR) is reduced in response to SD in the Siberian hamster ( Ross et al . 2005 , Barrett et al . 2006 ), so this may explain why VGF mRNA expression is reduced in the hypothalamus of Siberian
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was carried out in MCF7 and HL-60 cells and analyzed the status of ER and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) target gene promoters. Hormone stimulation resulted in rapid histone hyperacetylation of these regions in a localized and NHR cofactor and histone
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Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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acid receptor (RAR) nuclear receptor isoforms, whereas other vitamin A derivatives, including 9- cis -RA, preferentially signal through retinoid X receptor (RXR) isoforms and are designated as rexinoids rather than retinoids. Some data support signaling
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preformed vitamin A, exert their function through the binding of nuclear receptors (RAR and RXR) and forming complexes with conserved sequences on gene promoters termed retinoic acid response elements ( Mark et al . 2006 ). 13- Cis retinoic acid (13cRA) is