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Hiroyuki Kaiya Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan

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Kenji Kangawa Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan

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Mikiya Miyazato Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan

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The discovery of growth hormone secretagogue receptor and its endogenous ligand, ghrelin, and ghrelin gene-derived peptides Most receptors for peptide hormones are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There are still unidentified endogenous ligands

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Zsolt Csaba INSERM, Université de Médecine Denis Diderot‐Paris 7, Department of Anatomy, Unité Mixte de Recherche U676, Paris, France
INSERM, Université de Médecine Denis Diderot‐Paris 7, Department of Anatomy, Unité Mixte de Recherche U676, Paris, France

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Stéphane Peineau INSERM, Université de Médecine Denis Diderot‐Paris 7, Department of Anatomy, Unité Mixte de Recherche U676, Paris, France
INSERM, Université de Médecine Denis Diderot‐Paris 7, Department of Anatomy, Unité Mixte de Recherche U676, Paris, France
INSERM, Université de Médecine Denis Diderot‐Paris 7, Department of Anatomy, Unité Mixte de Recherche U676, Paris, France

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Pascal Dournaud INSERM, Université de Médecine Denis Diderot‐Paris 7, Department of Anatomy, Unité Mixte de Recherche U676, Paris, France
INSERM, Université de Médecine Denis Diderot‐Paris 7, Department of Anatomy, Unité Mixte de Recherche U676, Paris, France

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Trafficking: what does it mean for somatostatin receptors? Receptor export along the secretory pathway represents the first event in the trafficking of receptors within the cell and influences the proper delivery of functional receptors at the

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Shannon E Mullican Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA

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Joanna R DiSpirito Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA

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Mitchell A Lazar Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA

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Introduction In the late 1980s the observation that the steroid hormone receptors shared highly conserved domains encouraged researchers to search for additional members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family ( Mangelsdorf et al . 1995 , Giguère 1999

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David A Lovejoy Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada L4A IK6

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Belinda S W Chang Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada L4A IK6
Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada L4A IK6

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Nathan R Lovejoy Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada L4A IK6

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Jon del Castillo Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada L4A IK6

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Introduction The evolution of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) family of peptides and their cognate receptors provides a model to understand peptide ligand and receptor co-evolution. Over the last few years with the acquisition of genomic

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Jun Yang Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medicine, Monash University, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medicine, Monash University, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Morag J Young Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medicine, Monash University, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Introduction The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a nuclear receptor (NR) that is critical for controlling sodium and potassium transport in epithelial cells, most notably in the kidney and colon ( Pearce et al . 2003 ). It also plays important

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Janice K V Tam School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Leo T O Lee School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Jun Jin School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Billy K C Chow School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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pleiotropic group of brain-gut peptides that share significant structural and conformational homology, with affinity for the secretin/glucagon receptor superfamily of the secretin G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family ( Ng et al . 2002 , Siu et al . 2006

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Changxue Lu Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4264, USA

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Sheue-Yann Cheng Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4264, USA

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Introduction Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are ligand-dependent transcription receptors of the subfamily 1 (NR1) in the nuclear receptor superfamily. The NR1 group also includes retinoic acid

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Pascal Nurwakagari Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany
Department of Clinical Pharmacology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheba, Israel

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Andreas Breit Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany
Department of Clinical Pharmacology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheba, Israel

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Claudia Hess Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany
Department of Clinical Pharmacology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheba, Israel

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Hagar Salman-Livny Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany
Department of Clinical Pharmacology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheba, Israel

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David Ben-Menahem Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany
Department of Clinical Pharmacology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheba, Israel

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Thomas Gudermann Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany
Department of Clinical Pharmacology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheba, Israel

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Introduction The receptors for glycoprotein hormones – luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) – belong to the subfamily of leucine-rich repeat

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B Horard
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A Castet
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P-L Bardet
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V Laudet
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V Cavailles
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J-M Vanacker
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Introduction In the human genome, 48 nuclear receptors (NR) have been identified that are generally defined as ligand-dependent transcription factors ( Robinson-Rechavi et al. 2001 , Laudet & Gronemeyer 2002 ). However, besides

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Amanda J Rickard Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia

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Morag J Young Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia

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suggests that nuclear receptor signalling in macrophages may play an important role in the pathology of these conditions ( Harkonen & Vaananen 2006 , Desvergne 2008 ). Figure 1 Development and differentiation of macrophages. Bone marrow-derived monocytes

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