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Samantha Gardner Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK

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Emmanouil Stavrou Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK

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Patricia E Rischitor Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK

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Elena Faccenda Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK

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Adam J Pawson Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK

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Introduction GnRH occupancy of GnRH receptors leads to the activation of multiple signal transduction pathways ( Naor 1997 , 2009 , Naor et al . 2000 , Millar et al . 2004 , 2008 , Caunt et al . 2006 , Dobkin-Bekman et al . 2006 ). In

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JME-09-0168
Volume/Issue:
Volume 44: Issue 4
Free access
Yihong Wan Department of Pharmacology, Gene Expression Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Room ND8.502B, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, USA
Department of Pharmacology, Gene Expression Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Room ND8.502B, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, USA

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Ronald M Evans Department of Pharmacology, Gene Expression Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Room ND8.502B, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, USA

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responses. Accumulating evidence in both clinical studies and animal disease models has shown that FKN signaling is also involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis ( Lesnik et al . 2003 ), age

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JME-09-0090
Volume/Issue:
Volume 44: Issue 2
Open access
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Abigail R Walker Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Holly A Parkin Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Sung Hye Kim Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Vasso Terzidou Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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David F Woodward Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Phillip R Bennett Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Aylin C Hanyaloglu Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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internalisation is no longer accepted as synonymous with signal termination. In contrast, receptors can signal not only from the plasma membrane but from distinct subcellular compartments, including early endosomes ( Jean-Alphonse et al. 2014 , Irannejad et al

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-23-0153
Volume/Issue:
Volume 73: Issue 1
Open access
Gerald Thiel Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, Building 44, D-66421 Homburg, Germany

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Isabelle Müller Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, Building 44, D-66421 Homburg, Germany

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Oliver G Rössler Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, Building 44, D-66421 Homburg, Germany

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stimulates TRPM3 channel activity is the basis for the hypothesis that TRPM3 functions as an ionotropic steroid receptor of pancreatic β-cells linking insulin release with steroid hormone signaling ( Frühwald et al . 2012 ). Pregnenolone sulfate: a ligand

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-12-0237
Volume/Issue:
Volume 50: Issue 3
Free access
Fumihiko Hakuno Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Shin-Ichiro Takahashi Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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effects of IGFs are relatively weak and often are not demonstrable except in the presence of other hormones or growth factors ( Table 1 ). These findings suggest that IGFs act as permissive factors to augment the signals of other factors. This mechanism is

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-17-0311
Volume/Issue:
Volume 61: Issue 1
Free access
K Lindberg Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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S G Rønn Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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D Tornehave Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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H Richter Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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J A Hansen Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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J Rømer Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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M Jackerott Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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N Billestrup Department of Signal Transduction,
Department of Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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PRL exert their signals in the β-cell through binding to the GH and PRL receptors. Subsequently, different intracellular signaling pathways including Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), Ca 2+ and mitogen

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/jme.1.01840
Volume/Issue:
Volume 35: Issue 2
Free access
Davide Calebiro Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany

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Viacheslav O Nikolaev Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany

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Martin J Lohse Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany

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done mostly in the 1980s using cells, cell membrane preparations, and reconstituted systems with purified proteins has revealed the basic structure and functional properties of GPCR signaling cascades. They consist of a receptor, a heterotrimeric G

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JME-10-0014
Volume/Issue:
Volume 45: Issue 1
Free access
Misa Nakamura Department of Pathology Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma 158, Kaizuka City, Osaka 597-0104, Japan Department of Advanced Medical Science Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Department of Pathology Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma 158, Kaizuka City, Osaka 597-0104, Japan Department of Advanced Medical Science Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

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Bo Han Department of Pathology Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma 158, Kaizuka City, Osaka 597-0104, Japan Department of Advanced Medical Science Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

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Toshihide Nishishita Department of Pathology Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma 158, Kaizuka City, Osaka 597-0104, Japan Department of Advanced Medical Science Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

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Yanhua Bai Department of Pathology Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma 158, Kaizuka City, Osaka 597-0104, Japan Department of Advanced Medical Science Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

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Kennichi Kakudo Department of Pathology Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma 158, Kaizuka City, Osaka 597-0104, Japan Department of Advanced Medical Science Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

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Introduction In molecular cancer therapy, the target which is selected and how it is developed for therapy is important. Most target molecules are oncogenes, growth factors, transcription factors, or cytokines involved in signaling pathways, DNA

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JME-07-0036
Volume/Issue:
Volume 39: Issue 6
Free access
Erika Peverelli Endocrine Unit, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

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Giovanna Mantovani Endocrine Unit, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

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Andrea G Lania Endocrine Unit, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

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Anna Spada Endocrine Unit, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

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prizes recognizing research on this pathway. cAMP, thus became the first member of the family of ‘second messengers’, is now been recognized as a universal regulator of a myriad of cell functions. A schematic view of the cAMP signaling cascade is shown in

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-13-0172
Volume/Issue:
Volume 52: Issue 1
Free access
J G Miquet
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J F Giani
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C S Martinez
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M C Muñoz
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L González
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A I Sotelo
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R K Boparai Departamento de Química Biológica, Geriatrics Research, Institute of Human Genetics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina

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M M Masternak Departamento de Química Biológica, Geriatrics Research, Institute of Human Genetics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Química Biológica, Geriatrics Research, Institute of Human Genetics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina

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A Bartke Departamento de Química Biológica, Geriatrics Research, Institute of Human Genetics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina

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F P Dominici
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D Turyn
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physiological role of insulin in the heart is the regulation of substrate utilization; however, insulin signaling influences several processes within the heart, such as cardiomyocyte growth, contractility, and apoptosis. In addition, insulin acts as a

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-11-0066
Volume/Issue:
Volume 47: Issue 2
Free access