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-residue region with two zinc-binding modules. This domain is responsible for the recognition of hexameric DNA half sites. Shown on the left are the core DBD structures of RXR (blue) and RAR (red) superimposed. The C-terminal extension (CTE) of the DBD
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bound to the RARs, often turning the RARs, which are dimerized with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) α, β, and γ, from repressors to activators of transcription ( Nagy & Schwabe 2004 ). Transcriptional activation takes place via binding of the RA-bound RARs
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parts of the brain. By virtue of their ability to form heterodimers with other NRs such as retinoic acid (RARs), thyroid hormone (TRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs), or vitamin D3 receptors, RXRs control a variety of pathophysiological
Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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progesterone receptor (PR; Boonyaratanakornkit et al. 1999 ), the retinoic acid receptor (RAR; Cesi et al. 2004 , 2005 ), the glucocorticoid receptor ( Gabbitas et al. 1996 ), activator protein-2 (AP-2) ( Duan & Clemmons 1995 ) and Myb ( Tanno et al
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
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colleagues and Petkovich and colleagues first reported the discovery of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) ( Giguere et al. 1987 , Petkovich et al. 1987 ). This discovery provided molecular tools necessary to further the diagnosis and monitoring of APL
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. 2018 ), and reproductive systems ( Schleif et al. 2022 ). In the adult brain, transcription mediated by RA activation of RARs and RXRs is widely associated with neuroplasticity mechanisms, in particular control of LTP and LTD, and plays an essential
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premeiotic germ cells ( Huggenvik & Griswold 1981 , Ong et al. 1987 ). The testis cells express the known retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) ( Griswold et al. 1989 , Eskild et al. 1991 , van Pelt et al. 1992 , Akmal et
CNRS UMR 49, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364-Lyon, France
INSERM U 545 Institut Pasteur, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019-Lille, France
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CNRS UMR 49, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364-Lyon, France
INSERM U 545 Institut Pasteur, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019-Lille, France
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CNRS UMR 49, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364-Lyon, France
INSERM U 545 Institut Pasteur, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019-Lille, France
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CNRS UMR 49, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364-Lyon, France
INSERM U 545 Institut Pasteur, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019-Lille, France
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INSERM U 545 Institut Pasteur, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019-Lille, France
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receptors RXR α, β and γ, which bind 9- cis RA. The latter play a central role in a variety of nuclear signaling pathways ( Mangelsdorf & Evans 1995 ) and, in vertebrates, modulate the activities of other nuclear receptors (including RAR, the vitamin D
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subfamilies, namely RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) ( Bonet et al. 2003 ). It is very well documented that vitamin A and its active metabolite RA are positive regulators of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) ( Kumar & Scarpace 1998 , Bonet et al
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-NheI restriction fragment of pFIND-RA, reporting for retinoids, containing most of the Gal4-RAR reading frame ( Mata De Urquiza et al. 1999 ) by the equivalent portion (XhoI-XbaI) of Gal4-TRα( Flamant & Samarut 1998 ). pFIND-T3 was transfected together with pBKS