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Zhao Yang Department of Anatomy, School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 212 Greene Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

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Zhi-Li Huang Department of Anatomy, School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 212 Greene Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
Department of Anatomy, School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 212 Greene Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

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Ya-Xiong Tao Department of Anatomy, School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 212 Greene Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA

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Introduction The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R), a member of family A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ( Gantz et al . 1993 , Roselli-Rehfuss et al . 1993 ), has received increasing attention with regard to its multiple physiological functions

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Tadahiro Ikemoto Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

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Min Kyun Park Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

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. 1972 ). The notion that multiple types of GnRH ligands and receptors are distributed in a wide range of tissues has become generally accepted. Thus, GnRH is thought to have diverse physiological functions in addition to the facilitation of gonadotropin

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Sang R Lee College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Mi-Young Park College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Hyun Yang Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Geun-Shik Lee College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea

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Beum-Soo An Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea

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Bae-kuen Park College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Eui-Bae Jeung College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea

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Eui-Ju Hong College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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instance, androgens increase the life span of bone cells through anti-apoptotic activity ( Kasperk et al . 1989 ), and their effects are linked with transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor ( Kousteni et al . 2001 ). Androgens induce both cell

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Sadako Suzuki Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Shigekazu Sasaki Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Hiroshi Morita Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Yutaka Oki Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Daisuke Turiya Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Takeshi Ito Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Hiroko Misawa Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Keiko Ishizuka Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Hirotoshi Nakamura Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

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Introduction Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-2 (PPARG2) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) superfamily ( Desvergne & Wahli 1999 , Michalik et al . 2006 , Lu & Cheng 2010 ). Through different promoter usage and splicing

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Valeria Giandomenico Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden

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Tao Cui Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden

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Lars Grimelius Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden

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Kjell Öberg Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden

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Giuseppe Pelosi Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden

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Apostolos V Tsolakis Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Centre of Excellence for Endocrine Tumors, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Endocrine Oncology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entrance 70, 3rd Floor, Research Department 2, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden

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chemotherapy agents of metastatic LCs may be reduced due to low response rates and serious side effects, multimodality strategies have been developed ( Gustafsson et al . 2008 ). Indeed, somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) can be expressed in LCs ( Righi et al

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Hannah E Lapp Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Andrew A Bartlett Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Richard G Hunter Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and GR. These receptors are abundantly found in stress-sensitive regions of the brain (e.g. prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; Sánchez et al. 2000 ). Importantly, there are several negative feedback mechanisms in this system

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Chunheng Mo Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Long Huang Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Lin Cui Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Can Lv Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Dongliang Lin Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Liang Song Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Guoqiang Zhu Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Juan Li Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Yajun Wang Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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specific receptors, namely GRP receptor (GRPR) and NMB receptor (NMBR), respectively ( Spindel et al . 1990 , Battey et al . 1991 , Wada et al . 1991 , Benya et al . 1995 ). Both GRPR and NMBR belong to bombesin receptor family of G protein

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Christopher E Wall Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Ruth T Yu Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

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Anne R Atkins Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

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Michael Downes Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

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Ronald M Evans Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

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al . 2013 ). Endurance training in skeletal muscle can be mechanistically linked to activation of an AMP-sensitive gene expression program coordinated by 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nuclear receptor peroxisome

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Jeong Hoon Kim Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
C&C Research Laboratories, Kyunggi-do, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Mee Hyun Lee Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
C&C Research Laboratories, Kyunggi-do, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Byoung Jin Kim Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
C&C Research Laboratories, Kyunggi-do, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Jun Hyun Kim Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
C&C Research Laboratories, Kyunggi-do, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Seong Jun Han Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
C&C Research Laboratories, Kyunggi-do, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Hak Yeop Kim Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
C&C Research Laboratories, Kyunggi-do, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Michael R Stallcup Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
C&C Research Laboratories, Kyunggi-do, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Introduction The estrogen receptor (ER) is a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors (NRs), and it functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates the biological effects of estrogens ( Parker 1993 , Tsai

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Alok Mishra Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Endocrinology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI

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Xu-guang Zhu Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Endocrinology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI

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Kai Ge Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Endocrinology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI

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Sheue-Yann Cheng Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Endocrinology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI

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genomic actions of T 3 are mediated by thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs). There are two TR genes, TRα and TRβ , located on different chromosomes, to encode three major T 3 binding receptors, α1, β1, and β2 ( Cheng 2000 ). These TR isoforms

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