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Diego Russo
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Giuseppe Damante Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Università di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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Efisio Puxeddu Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Università di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Università di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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Sebastiano Filetti Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Università di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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undergoing clinical testing for treatment of aggressive thyroid carcinomas ( Schlumberger & Sherman 2009 ). The differentiation and proliferation properties of thyroid cancer cells are also strongly influenced by epigenetic alterations ( Kondo et al . 2008

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Soojin Kim Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Daksh Thaper Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Samir Bidnur Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Paul Toren Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Shusuke Akamatsu Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Jennifer L Bishop Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Colin Colins Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Sepideh Vahid Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Amina Zoubeidi Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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-like phenotype, a potential theory which is tested by mechanistically studying the interplay between AR- and NE-driving forces such as neural differentiation regulator BRN2 ( Bishop et al. 2017 ) or growth-promoting paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10

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Annu Makker Post‐Graduate Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Madhu Mati Goel Post‐Graduate Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Abbas Ali Mahdi Post‐Graduate Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India

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inhibin. While, FSH is mainly involved in follicular growth, cellular proliferation, and estrogen production (aromatase activity), LH induces androgen biosynthesis, final maturation of the oocytes, ovulation, and terminal differentiation of ovulated

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Yan Meng School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

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Maria Toledo-Rodriguez School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

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Olena Fedorenko School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

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Paul A Smith School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

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, differentiation, and expansion of adipocytes – processes that underlie the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue associated with obesity ( Oguri et al. 2010 , Sun et al. 2012 , Zhang et al. 2018 ). Interestingly, these processes are differentially

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I J Bujalska
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M Quinkler
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J W Tomlinson
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C T Montague
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D M Smith
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P M Stewart
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observations in patients with Cushing’s syndrome who develop reversibly central obesity highlight the importance of glucocorticoids in this regard ( Rebuffe-Scrive 1988 ). Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce adipocyte differentiation ( Hauner et al. 1987

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Raghunath Chatterjee
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Paramita Bhattacharya
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Oksana Gavrilova Laboratory of Metabolism, Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, Physics Department, SAIC Frederick, Veterinary Resources Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Kimberly Glass Laboratory of Metabolism, Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, Physics Department, SAIC Frederick, Veterinary Resources Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Jaideep Moitra
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Max Myakishev
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Stephanie Pack Laboratory of Metabolism, Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, Physics Department, SAIC Frederick, Veterinary Resources Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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William Jou Laboratory of Metabolism, Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, Physics Department, SAIC Frederick, Veterinary Resources Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Lionel Feigenbaum Laboratory of Metabolism, Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, Physics Department, SAIC Frederick, Veterinary Resources Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Michael Eckhaus Laboratory of Metabolism, Mouse Metabolism Laboratory, Physics Department, SAIC Frederick, Veterinary Resources Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Charles Vinson
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& Flier 2004 , Steppan & Lazar 2004 , Kadowaki & Yamauchi 2005 ). Transgenic (TG) mice with fat ablation have been produced by inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and development ( Moitra et al . 1998 , Shimomura et al . 1998 , Peterfy et al

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Dima W Alhamad Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Husam Bensreti Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Jennifer Dorn Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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William D Hill Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA

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Mark W Hamrick Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Meghan E McGee-Lawrence Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts ( Stein & Lian 1993 ). MSC undergoes an initial proliferation phase where genes involved in cell cycle and cell growth (e.g. c-Myc and c-Jun ) are highly expressed ( Stein & Lian 1993 ). This phase is accompanied by

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Luiz Henrique de Castro Assis Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Rafael Henrique de Nóbrega Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Nuria Esther Gómez-González Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

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Jan Bogerd Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Rüdiger Winfried Schulz Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Introduction Spermatogenesis is a complex cellular development, in which spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) give rise via mitosis to spermatogonia that enter meiosis and spermiogenesis to produce a large number of highly differentiated haploid

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JaeSang Ko Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Ji-Young Kim Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Min Kyoung Chae Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Eun Jig Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jin Sook Yoon Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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filtered cigarettes (Marlboro 20 class A cigarettes (8.0 mg tar; 0.7 mg nicotine); Philip Morris Korea, Inc., Seoul, Korea), as described previously ( Yoon et al. 2013 ). Cell culture and differentiation protocols Orbital adipose

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Gábor Bánhegyi Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia, Department of Medical Chemistry, Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia, Department of Medical Chemistry, Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Miklós Csala Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia, Department of Medical Chemistry, Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Angelo Benedetti Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia, Department of Medical Chemistry, Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy

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, differentiation, or death, those induced (or repressed) in response to infection, tissue damage, and inflammation, pathways that maintain metabolic homeostasis and those that regulate mood and memory ( Stahn et al . 2007 ). The relative expression levels of

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