The role of dopamine as a neurotransmitter within the central nervous system is well established. Over the last decade, however, it has become apparent that dopamine plays a number of important regulatory roles outside the confines of the nervous system, most notably in the kidney. Intrarenal dopamine can modify renal haemodynamics, stimulate the release of renin and inhibit the tubular reabsorption of sodium. It is now clear that dopamine is produced extraneurally by the kidney and acts locally on specific dopamine receptors, thus it is acting as a paracrine, or even autocrine, agent at this level. This review assesses the role of intrarenal dopamine in the regulation of sodium excretion by the nephron, and attempts to place it in the context of the actions of other natriuretic and antinatriuretic mechanisms.
Increasing dietary salt increases urinary dopamine output in man (Ball et al. 1978,
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